Hexarelin exhibits significant protection against organ injury in models of
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury (IRI). Nevertheless, the impact of
Hexarelin on
acute kidney injury (AKI) and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of
Hexarelin in I/R-induced AKI and elucidated its molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: We assessed the protective effects of
Hexarelin through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the I/R-induced AKI model, rats were pretreated with
Hexarelin at 100 μg/kg/d for 7 days before being sacrificed 24 h post-IRI. Subsequently, kidney function, histology, and apoptosis were assessed. In vitro,
hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced HK-2 cell model was used to investigate the impact of
Hexarelin on apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Then, we employed molecular docking using a pharmmapper server and autodock software to identify potential target
proteins of
Hexarelin.
RESULTS: In this study, rats subjected to I/R developed severe kidney injury characterized by tubular
necrosis, tubular dilatation, increased serum
creatinine levels, and cell apoptosis. However, pretreatment with
Hexarelin exhibited a protective effect by mitigating post-ischemic kidney pathological changes, improving renal function, and inhibiting apoptosis. This was achieved through the downregulation of conventional apoptosis-related genes, such as
Caspase-3, Bax and Bad, and the upregulation of the
anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Consistent with the in vivo results,
Hexarelin also reduced cell apoptosis in post-H/R HK-2 cells. Furthermore, our analysis using GSEA confirmed the essential role of the apoptosis pathway in I/R-induced AKI. Molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity between
Hexarelin and MDM2, suggesting the potential mechanism of
Hexarelin's anti-apoptosis effect at least partially through its interaction with MDM2, a well-known negative regulator of apoptosis-related
protein that of p53. To validate these findings, we evaluated the relative expression of MDM2 and p53 in I/R-induced AKI with or without
Hexarelin pre-administration and observed a significant suppression of MDM2 and p53 by
Hexarelin in both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
CONCLUSION: