Small interfering RNA (
siRNA)-mediated mRNA degradation approach have imparted its eminence against several difficult-to-treat
genetic disorders and other allied diseases. Viral outbreaks and resulting pandemics have repeatedly threatened public health and questioned human preparedness at the forefront of
drug design and biomedical readiness. During the recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2,
mRNA-based vaccination strategies have paved the way for a new era of
RNA therapeutics. RNA Interference (RNAi) based approach using
small interfering RNA may
complement clinical management of the
COVID-19. RNA Interference approach will primarily work by restricting the synthesis of the
proteins required for viral replication, thereby hampering viral cellular entry and trafficking by targeting host as well as
protein factors. Despite promising benefits, the stability of
small interfering RNA in the physiological environment is of grave concern as well as site-directed targeted delivery and evasion of the immune system require immediate attention. In this regard, nanotechnology offers viable solutions for these challenges. The review highlights the potential of small interfering RNAs targeted toward specific regions of the viral genome and the features of nanoformulations necessary for the entrapment and delivery of small interfering RNAs. In silico design of
small interfering RNA for different variants of SARS-CoV-2 has been discussed. Various nanoparticles as promising carriers of small interfering RNAs along with their salient properties, including surface functionalization, are summarized. This review will help tackle the real-world challenges encountered by the in vivo delivery of small interfering RNAs, ensuring a safe, stable, and readily available
drug candidate for efficient management of SARS-CoV-2 in the future.