Vaccination is one of the basic strategies in the fight against
foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in endemic regions. Today, commercially available FMD
vaccines are prepared with inactive whole virion, which has low immunogenicity. Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to finding novel adjuvants. Although
mineral oils are among the most common adjuvants, it is still difficult to provide a long-term and robust immune response. Combined adjuvant systems are currently being studied to solve the problem.
Saponins and CpG-ODNs have been shown to increase the immune response to
vaccines individually in various studies. In this study, the effect of different adjuvants and their combinations (
Quil-A, E. coli DNA, and MontanideTM ISA 206) on total and
neutralizing antibody response in sheep was investigated. According to the results, the
Quil-A group induced the highest antibody level, followed by the combination of
Quil-A and the E. coli DNA group. The group containing E. coli DNA also caused a higher antibody response than the group containing only MontanideTM ISA 206 for certain days of sampling. These affordable alternatives of
saponin and CpG sources can be used individually to increase the potency of the FMD
vaccine for mass vaccinations of sheep. Keywords:
foot-and-mouth disease;
vaccine; adjuvant;
Quil-A; E. coli
DNA; combination of adjuvants.