Oncolytic Zika virus promotes intratumoral T cell infiltration and improves immunotherapy efficacy in glioblastoma.

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest primary brain tumor and is generally resistant to immunotherapy because of severe dysfunction of T cells. Novel treatment options are critically needed to overcome the immunotherapy resistance of GBM. Here we demonstrate that Zika virus (ZIKV) treatment improves the efficacy of anti-PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy in GBM. We found that ZIKV induces a strong pro-inflammatory response and increases CD4+ and CD8+ T cell intratumoral infiltration and activation in GBM mouse models. ZIKV treatment of mice bearing GBM tumors inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival. These therapeutic effects of ZIKV on GBM tumors are negated in mice depleted of T cells. Moreover, ZIKV dramatically promotes activation of the type I interferon signaling pathway in GBM cells. ZIKV treatment potently sensitizes GBM to PD-L1 blockade and provides significant and durable survival benefits. Our findings reveal that ZIKV overcomes the resistance of GBM to immune checkpoint blockade, which may lead to therapeutic applications of ZIKV in individuals with GBM receiving immunotherapy.

• Authors: Lishu Chen, Chao Zhou, Qi Chen, Jingzhe Shang, Zhaodan Liu, Yan Guo, Chunfeng Li, HongJiang Wang, Qing Ye, XiaoFeng Li, Shulong Zu, Fangye Li, Qing Xia, Tao Zhou, Ailing Li, Chenhui Wang, Yun Chen, Aiping Wu, Chengfeng Qin, Jianghong Man
• Journal: Molecular therapy oncolytics (Mol Ther Oncolytics) Vol. 24 Pg. 522-534 (Mar 17 2022) ISSN: 2372-7705 [Print] United States
• PMID: 35229030 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s).