Role of FGF Receptors and Their Pathways in Adrenocortical Tumors and Possible Therapeutic Implications.

Abstract

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy and treatment of advanced disease is challenging. Clinical trials with multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the past have yielded disappointing results. Here, we investigated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and their pathways in adrenocortical tumors as potential treatment targets. We performed real-time RT-PCR of 93 FGF pathway related genes in a cohort of 39 fresh frozen benign and malignant adrenocortical, 9 non-adrenal tissues and 4 cell lines. The expression of FGF receptors was validated in 166 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues using RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope) and correlated with clinical data. In malignant compared to benign adrenal tumors, we found significant differences in the expression of 16/94 FGF receptor pathway related genes. Genes involved in tissue differentiation and metastatic spread through epithelial to mesechymal transition were most strongly altered. The therapeutically targetable FGF receptors 1 and 4 were upregulated 4.6- and 6-fold, respectively, in malignant compared to benign adrenocortical tumors, which was confirmed by RNAscope in FFPE samples. High expression of FGFR1 and 4 was significantly associated with worse patient prognosis in univariate analysis. After multivariate adjustment for the known prognostic factors Ki-67 and ENSAT tumor stage, FGFR1 remained significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (HR=6.10, 95%CI: 1.78 - 20.86, p=0.004) and FGFR4 with overall survival (HR=3.23, 95%CI: 1.52 - 6.88, p=0.002). Collectively, our study supports a role of FGF pathways in malignant adrenocortical tumors. Quantification of FGF receptors may enable a stratification of ACC for the use of FGFR inhibitors in future clinical trials.

• Authors: Iuliu Sbiera, Stefan Kircher, Barbara Altieri, Kerstin Lenz, Constanze Hantel, Martin Fassnacht, Silviu Sbiera, Matthias Kroiss
• Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology (Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) Vol. 12 Pg. 795116 ( 2021) ISSN: 1664-2392 [Print] Switzerland
• PMID: 34956100 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 Sbiera, Kircher, Altieri, Lenz, Hantel, Fassnacht, Sbiera and Kroiss.

Chemical References

• Biomarkers, Tumor
• FGFR1 protein, human
• FGFR4 protein, human
• Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1
• Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4

Topics

• Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms (genetics, metabolism, mortality)
• Adrenocortical Carcinoma (genetics, metabolism, mortality)
• Adult
• Biomarkers, Tumor (biosynthesis, genetics)
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (methods)
• Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 (biosynthesis, genetics)
• Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4 (biosynthesis, genetics)
• Survival Rate (trends)