Association of visit-to-visit glycemic variability with risk of cardiovascular diseases in high-risk Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A subanalysis of the EMPATHY trial.

Abstract

AIMS/INTRODUCTION:

Long-term glycemic variability is important for predicting diabetic complications, but evaluation in a Japanese population is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between visit-to-visit glycemic variability (VVV) and cardiovascular diseases (CV) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, using the prospective cohort of the EMPATHY trial.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Among 4532 participants with at least three HbA1c measurements, VVV was defined using the coefficient of variation (CV-HbA1c). The outcomes were the composite cardiovascular endpoints, including cardiac, cerebral, renal, and vascular events. The odds ratios (ORs) for the development of outcomes were estimated by using logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

During a median follow-up of 38 months, 190 subjects developed CV events. The risk of developing CV events increased significantly with increasing quintile of CV-HbA1c, after multivariable adjustment including the mean-HbA1c (OR for the fifth vs first quintile, 1.73; 95%CI, 1.03-2.91; P for trend test = 0.003). There was a stronger association between CV-HbA1c and CV events in patients with a mean-HbA1c of <7% compared with those with a mean-HbA1c of ≥7% (OR per 1 standard deviation, 1.51; 95%CI, 1.23-1.85 and 1.13; 95%CI, 0.98-1.29, respectively; P for interaction = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Increases of VVV were associated with the risk of CV events in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes independent of the mean-HbA1c. The long-term variability of HbA1c as well as the mean HbA1c might be an important glycemic indicator in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with a mean-HbA1c of <7%.

• Authors: Midori Sato, Jun Inaishi, Yoshifumi Saisho, Yasunori Sato, Issei Komuro, Hiroshi Itoh
• Journal: Journal of diabetes investigation (J Diabetes Investig) Vol. 12 Issue 12 Pg. 2190-2196 (Dec 2021) ISSN: 2040-1124 [Electronic] Japan
• PMID: 34013644 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Glycated Hemoglobin A

Topics

• Aged
• Ambulatory Care (statistics & numerical data)
• Analysis of Variance
• Blood Glucose (analysis)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (epidemiology, etiology)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, complications)
• Diabetic Cardiomyopathies (epidemiology, etiology)
• Female
• Glycated Hemoglobin (analysis)
• Glycemic Control (statistics & numerical data)
• Humans
• Japan (epidemiology)
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Odds Ratio
• Prospective Studies
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Risk Assessment