Diabetes Complications

Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.

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Networked: 3773 relevant articles (222 outcomes, 445 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperglycemia
2.	Inflammation
3.	Insulin Resistance
4.	Diabetic Nephropathies (Diabetic Nephropathy)
5.	Hypoglycemia (Reactive Hypoglycemia)

Experts

1.	Kim, Jin Sook: 21 articles (08/2015 - 01/2007)
2.	Chakrabarti, Subrata: 18 articles (01/2015 - 10/2002)
3.	Ceriello, Antonio: 18 articles (11/2013 - 08/2002)
4.	Nagai, Ryoji: 16 articles (02/2014 - 06/2002)
5.	Cooper, Mark E: 15 articles (10/2015 - 09/2002)
6.	Baynes, John W: 15 articles (01/2014 - 04/2003)
7.	Natarajan, Rama: 14 articles (03/2015 - 05/2003)
8.	Kim, Young Sook: 14 articles (04/2014 - 09/2003)
9.	Schmidt, Ann Marie: 14 articles (01/2014 - 02/2002)
10.	Lee, Yun Mi: 13 articles (08/2015 - 01/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Diabetes Complications:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 11/30/2009 - "While exogenous insulin therapy has dramatically improved the quality of life, chronic diabetic complications develop in a substantial proportion of subjects and these complications generally progress and worsen over time. " 03/01/2001 - "The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial has clearly shown that intensive insulin therapy is effective in treating complete insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes over many years, achieving a stable HbA1c and thereby preventing diabetic complications [1]." 08/01/2013 - "Patients with the lowest eGDR compared with the highest had a significantly greater risk of any diabetes complication (OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.2-8.1]) compared with the least insulin-resistant patients. " 07/01/1994 - "Poor efficacy of therapeutic and prophylactic care of patients with this condition is demonstrated as exemplified by quite a number of district health centers of Moscow, resulting in inadequate level of compensation, a high incidence of diabetes complications, and increase in the number of patients administered insulin therapy. " 07/01/2008 - "Based on our results of the efficacy of strict glycemic control for preventing the development and progression of diabetic complications, we recommend early introduction of intensive insulin therapy to achieve better glycemic control."
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2001 - "The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) demonstrated that the benefit of optimal glucose control in type 2 diabetes is a significant reduction in diabetes-related complications. " 05/01/2015 - "None of the other glucose-lowering drugs available in 2014 have any proven efficacy in preventing diabetes complications. " 04/01/1994 - "With recent evidence that improved glucose control may delay or prevent diabetes complications, it is increasingly important for the primary care physician to optimize available resources to improve glucose control in patients with diabetes in an effort to improve long-term clinical outcomes." 09/01/2013 - "Moreover, improved β-cell function may confer more durable glucose control and perhaps reduce/delay the incidence of diabetic complications. " 03/01/2008 - "Their use, and more prudent use of older therapies with low risk of hypoglycaemia, may help patients achieve improved glucose control for longer, and reduce the risk of diabetic complications."
3.	Aldehyde Reductase (Aldose Reductase)IBA 09/01/2006 - "Aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, although the clinical efficacy of AR inhibitors has not been clearly proven. " 09/01/2013 - "Therapeutic intervention with aldose reductase inhibitors appears to be promising for major pathological conditions (i.e., long-term diabetic complications and inflammatory pathologies). " 08/01/2003 - "The enzyme aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some of these diseases and inhibitors of AR (ARIs) were effective in preventing some of the diabetic complications in animal models. " 01/01/2010 - "All analysis of SOMFA model may provide useful information in the design of new aldose reductase inhibitors with improved spectrum of activity for management of diabetic complications." 07/06/1993 - "This assay system may be useful for direct measurement of the level of tissue aldose reductase in conjunction with the evaluation of the efficacy of aldose reductase inhibitors prescribed for the treatment of diabetic complications."
4.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)IBA 11/01/2009 - "Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) aimed at the assessment of the efficacy of lowering blood glucose in the prevention of diabetic complications have always failed to detect a significant effect on cardiovascular events. " 10/01/2011 - "The current body of literature demonstrates that a significant reduction in the incidence of diabetic complications is achievable with early initiation and long-term maintenance of controlled blood glucose and cardiovascular risk factors. " 08/11/2011 - "Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has escalated over the years following the outcomes of evidence demonstrating a strong correlation between tight blood glucose control and the significant reduction of diabetes-related complications. " 08/01/2003 - "The only strategy shown to be consistently beneficial in the treatment of diabetic complications is meticulous control of blood glucose. " 03/01/2003 - "Remission rates were higher when patients started CSII therapy with a shorter history of diabetes, lower postprandial blood glucose levels, higher body mass index (BMI), and fewer chronic diabetic complications. "
5.	Streptozocin (Streptozotocin)FDA Link 12/01/2015 - "Since some complications of diabetes mellitus may be caused or exacerbated by an oxidative stress, the protective effects of garlic (Allium sativum) were investigated in the blood and heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. " 01/01/2010 - "To carry out a preliminary study examining the efficacy of long-term hot-tub therapy (HTT) in the improvement of diabetic complications on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. " 10/01/2014 - "ameliorates diabetic complications in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats." 01/01/2011 - "RhoB loss prevents streptozotocin-induced diabetes and ameliorates diabetic complications in mice." 08/01/2008 - "The present study was conducted to clarify whether a low or a high, but tolerable, dietary dose of red chilli (RC) can ameliorate the diabetes related complications in a high-fat (HF) diet-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes model of rats. "
6.	AntioxidantsIBA 01/01/2007 - "Increased oxidative/nitrosative stress is important in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, and the protective effects of antioxidants are a topic of intense research. " 12/01/2007 - "However, negative evidence from large clinical trials suggests that new and more powerful antioxidants need to be studied to demonstrate whether antioxidants can be effective in treating diabetic complications. " 01/01/2013 - "Compelling evidence indicates that polyphenolic antioxidants show protective effects against diabetic complications. " 01/01/2008 - "sicyoides are a potential source of natural antioxidants and may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress." 05/01/1995 - "Treatment with antioxidants can reduce both oxidative stress and protein glycation and may help to reduce the risk of developing diabetic complications. "
7.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2011 - "Metformin, although proved to be beneficial in micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus, its effects on pure cardiovascular subjects are still debatable. " 10/01/2013 - "Metformin exhibits diverse protective effects against diabetic complications, such as bone loss. " 11/08/2011 - "We used the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model to forecast diabetes-related complications, quality-adjusted life-years and costs of alternative second-line therapies available in Canada for adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin. " 07/01/2014 - "Metformin drug has been shown to prevent diabetes in people who are at high risk and decrease most of the diabetic complications. " 10/01/2013 - "Here, we investigated the effect of metformin on vascular calcification, another type 2 diabetes complication. "
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 01/01/2008 - "Thus, the results of our study suggest that posttranslational modification of proteins via SUMO4 could contribute to the development of certain diabetic complications." 08/01/1999 - "The measurement of AR proteins in PMCs with this ELISA system is a useful tool for the clinical study of diabetic complications, and would increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease." 01/01/1994 - "The aim of the study was to investigate the pattern of the renal excretion of proteins in 70 Asian and 70 European patients with diabetes and to relate it to dietary intake of protein and prevalence of diabetic complications. " 08/26/2015 - "Diabetic complications are usually attributed to oxidative stress associated with glycation of major structural and functional proteins. " 08/01/2015 - "Non-enzymatic glycation reactions of proteins have been strongly related to pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. "
9.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)IBA 06/01/2011 - "Furthermore, the relative efficacy of these agents beyond their ability to lower hemoglobin A1c - that is, in their ability to reduce the risk of diabetes complications - remains uncertain. " 02/01/2013 - "The measure of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration is the gold standard of glycemic control index in diabetes management and is well known as a marker for diabetes complications. " 09/01/2011 - "The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive, correlational study was to describe the perceived risk for diabetes complications among urban African American adults (18-75 years old) with type 2 diabetes and to explore the interrelationships among illness perception, well-being, perceptions of risk for diabetes complications, and selected physiologic measures of diabetes risk: hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, and microalbuminuria. " 02/01/2010 - "Baseline (1986-1988) hemoglobin levels from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study (EDC) of type 1 diabetes were compared with general population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III in the same age range as the EDC population (aged 8-48 years). " 01/01/2008 - "In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, large, prospective clinical studies have shown a strong relation between time-averaged mean values of glycemia, measured as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and vascular diabetic complications. "
10.	C-PeptideIBA 06/01/2011 - "Existing data show that C-peptide (CP) prevents or ameliorates diabetes-related complications mainly by improving microcirculation and perhaps metabolism. " 10/01/2015 - "We then expanded the scope of the study to include the relationship between C-peptide and HbA1c control (n = 1273), as well as diabetic complications (n = 324) and presence of hypoglycaemia (n = 323). " 01/01/1999 - "A sub-study evaluated 698 younger (54.5 +/- 6.9 years) type 2 diabetics of the KID Study participants to establish the prevalence of diabetic complications and associated diseases and their correlation with body mass index (BMI), duration of disease and to C-peptide levels. " 09/01/2013 - "A sample of 95 children with type 1 diabetes was analyzed to retrospectively track serum levels of C-peptide, HbA1c, weight, BMI, and diabetic complications for the 15 yr after diagnosis. " 06/01/2011 - "C-peptide should aid in long-term treatment of diabetic complications including stimulation of nerve and renal functions. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 06/12/1985 - "[Transplantation of the pancreas at Huddinge Hospital: Improved results with pancreatic transplantation can prevent late diabetic complications]." 09/01/1993 - "Only limited studies are available that assess diabetic complications following islet cell transplantation. " 01/01/2012 - "Rather than simply translating evidence from the general population to the high-risk transplant recipient, this Review aims to provide specific guidance on diabetes-related complications in the context of a complex transplantation environment." 12/01/2009 - "We give a short overview on SPK transplantation, with a focus on the effects of this procedure on diabetic complications as well as patient and kidney graft survival." 04/27/2007 - "United States Renal Data System (USRDS) data from primary renal transplant recipients during 1995-2001 who developed NODM was used to examine diabetic complications over the first three years posttransplant. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 06/01/2005 - "Pancreas transplant alone can be effective in significantly improving the quality of life of type 1 diabetic patients, and it can also eliminate acute diabetes complications, such as hypoglycemic and/or hyperglycemic episodes. " 03/01/2012 - "Long-term graft function can lead to improvement in diabetes-related complications and, in patients younger than 50 years, can lead to improved overall survival. " 02/01/2015 - "At baseline and 6-year follow-up, a detailed structured clinical interview was conducted to document medical history including kidney dialysis or transplant, other diabetic complications, and renal-specific mortality. " 10/01/2014 - "Two patients developed diabetic complications requiring whole organ pancreas transplant for salvage. " 04/01/2014 - "There is some evidence of benefit with respect to the progression of secondary diabetic complications in patients with functioning transplants for several years. "
3.	Injections 01/01/2015 - "Numerous barriers lead to delay in initiating injectable treatment, which, in turn, may lead to inadequate glycemic control and increased risk of diabetes-related complications, underscoring the need to understand and address these barriers. " 01/01/1989 - "Though currently more costly than subcutaneous insulin injections, the convenience of implantable pump therapy and the potential for reduction of diabetic complications through improved metabolic control may make it the treatment of choice in the future." 09/01/2002 - "The DCCT study has clearly shown intensive insulin treatment (3 or more insulin injections per day) to be superior to conventional regimen (one or 2 insulin injections per day) to reduce the risk for development (primary prevention) of late diabetic complications. " 01/01/2013 - "Among T2DM subjects in the primary care setting, impairments in the physical aspect of HRQOL were evident in subjects who were obese or had diabetic complications whereas defects in the mental aspect of HRQOL were observed in patients with lower BMI or receiving insulin injections." 01/01/2007 - "The demonstrated role of the tight control of hyperglycaemia for the prevention of long-term diabetic complications has reoriented the goals of insulin supply toward the search for restoration of the effects of physiological insulin secretion rather than the simple survival of insulin deficient patients and the reduction in the number of daily insulin injections to be performed. "
4.	Pancreas Transplantation 10/01/2003 - "Pancreas transplantation significantly improves quality of life and provides excellent long-term glycemic control which halts or even ameliorates secondary diabetic complications such as microangiopathy and neuropathy. " 01/01/2001 - "Numerous studies have shown that pancreas transplantation not only delays the onset and progression of diabetic complications, but in some cases reverses some of the effects of diabetes. " 04/01/2014 - "With the passage of the waiting period after registration for pancreas transplantation (PTx), both deaths and serious cases of diabetic complications necessitating withdrawal of the registration have undoubtedly increased. " 02/01/2014 - "Refinements in the understanding of the tissue targets of diabetes complications and new diagnostic and imaging tools to measure them may prove useful in further studying the impact of pancreas transplantation on chronic complications of diabetes." 02/01/2013 - "Growing clinical evidence shows that the expected natural history of long-term diabetic complications can be significantly modified by successful pancreas transplantation."
5.	Kidney Transplantation 01/15/2001 - "Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) ameliorates the progression of microvascular diabetic complications but the procedure is associated with excess initial morbidity and an uncertain effect on patient survival when compared with solitary cadaveric or living donor renal transplantation. " 03/01/2004 - "The effect of a simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPKT) on diabetic complications is variable. " 01/01/2014 - "OBJECTIVE Islets after kidney transplantation have been shown to positively affect the quality of life of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) by reducing the burden of diabetes complications, but fewer data are available for islet transplantation alone (ITA). " 01/01/2015 - "For patients with type 1 diabetes with kidney disease, islet-after-kidney transplantation or simultaneous islet-kidney transplantation also improved glycemic control and secondary diabetic complications, although the evidence was more limited for this patient group. " 11/01/2003 - "The aim of the study is to present the influence of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) on long-term diabetic complications in patients with CRF in course of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and the length and quality of life of these patients. "