Denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after tooth extraction and the effects of a short drug holiday in cancer patients: a multicenter retrospective study.

Abstract

Pre-existing inflammation, corticosteroid therapy, periapical periodontitis, longer duration of denosumab therapy, and female sex were significantly associated with an increased risk of denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after tooth extraction in patients with cancer on oncologic doses of denosumab. A short drug holiday did not protect against this complication.

INTRODUCTION:

This study retrospectively investigated the relationship between various risk factors, including brief discontinuation of denosumab, and development of denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) after tooth extraction in patients with cancer who were receiving oncologic doses of this agent.

METHODS:

Data were collected on demographic characteristics, duration of denosumab therapy, whether or not denosumab was discontinued before tooth extraction (drug holiday), duration of discontinuation, presence of pre-existing inflammation, and whether or not additional surgical procedures were performed. Risk factors for DRONJ after tooth extraction were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:

A total of 136 dental extractions were performed in 72 patients (31 men, 41 women) with cancer who were receiving oncologic doses of denosumab. Post-extraction DRONJ was diagnosed in 39 teeth (28.7%) in 25 patients. Tooth extraction was significantly associated with development of DRONJ only in patients with pre-existing inflammation (odds ratio [OR] 243.77), those on corticosteroid therapy (OR 73.50), those with periapical periodontitis (OR 14.13), those who had been taking oncologic doses of denosumab for a longer period (OR 4.69), and in women (OR 1.04). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of DRONJ between patients who had a drug holiday before tooth extraction and those who did not.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings suggest that inflamed teeth should be extracted immediately in patients with cancer who are receiving oncologic doses of denosumab. Drug holidays have no significant impact on the risk of DRONJ.

• Authors: T Hasegawa, N Ueda, S I Yamada, S Kato, E Iwata, S Hayashida, Y Kojima, M Shinohara, I Tojo, H Nakahara, T Yamaguchi, T Kirita, H Kurita, Y Shibuya, S Soutome, M Akashi, Japanese Study Group of Co-operative Dentistry with Medicine (JCDM)
• Journal: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA (Osteoporos Int) Vol. 32 Issue 11 Pg. 2323-2333 (Nov 2021) ISSN: 1433-2965 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 33997909 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study)
• Copyright: © 2021. International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation.

Chemical References

• Bone Density Conservation Agents
• Diphosphonates
• Pharmaceutical Preparations
• Denosumab

Topics

• Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (epidemiology, etiology)
• Bone Density Conservation Agents (adverse effects)
• Denosumab (adverse effects)
• Diphosphonates
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Neoplasms (complications, drug therapy)
• Osteonecrosis (chemically induced, epidemiology)
• Pharmaceutical Preparations
• Retrospective Studies
• Tooth Extraction (adverse effects)