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Periapical Periodontitis (Apical Periodontitis)

Subscribe to New Research on Periapical Periodontitis

Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.

Also Known As:

Apical Periodontitis; Acute Nonsuppurative Periodontitides; Acute Nonsuppurative Periodontitis; Apical Periodontitides; Nonsuppurative Periodontitides, Acute; Nonsuppurative Periodontitis, Acute; Periapical Periodontitides; Periodontitides, Acute Nonsuppurative; Periodontitides, Apical; Periodontitides, Periapical; Periodontitis, Periapical; Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative; Periodontitis, Apical

Networked: 396 relevant articles (29 outcomes, 99 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Stomatognathic Diseases: 372
- Mouth Diseases: 60
  - Periodontal Diseases: 5219
    - Periodontitis: 5200
      - Periapical Periodontitis: 396
        Periapical Granuloma: 100
        Periapical Abscess: 25
    - Periapical Diseases: 54
      - Periapical Periodontitis: 396
        Periapical Granuloma: 100
        Periapical Abscess: 25
- Jaw Diseases: 7
  - Periapical Diseases: 54
    - Periapical Periodontitis: 396
      - Periapical Granuloma: 100
      - Periapical Abscess: 25

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Dental Pulp Necrosis
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Abscess
5.	Bone Resorption

Experts

1.	Siqueira, José F: 24 articles (01/2016 - 08/2006)
2.	Rôças, Isabela N: 19 articles (01/2016 - 08/2006)
3.	Gomes, Brenda P F A: 11 articles (06/2015 - 03/2008)
4.	Martinho, Frederico C: 9 articles (06/2015 - 03/2008)
5.	Friedman, Shimon: 9 articles (06/2014 - 06/2004)
6.	Siqueira, J F: 9 articles (04/2014 - 02/2007)
7.	Nelson-Filho, Paulo: 8 articles (06/2015 - 12/2005)
8.	Rôças, I N: 7 articles (04/2014 - 02/2007)
9.	Lin, Louis M: 4 articles (10/2015 - 11/2007)
10.	Cohenca, Nestor: 4 articles (06/2015 - 01/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Periapical Periodontitis:

1.	Calcium HydroxideIBA 04/01/2015 - "The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the effect of 7 day intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide on the amount of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) in human teeth with necrotic and infected pulp and apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2004 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigants on the antimicrobial potential of calcium hydroxide paste in dogs' teeth with apical periodontitis. " 02/01/2002 - "The results of this study in the dog showed differences in apical and periapical tissue repair of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis by using 2 calcium hydroxide root canal dressings and 2 sealers. " 02/01/2002 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic response of periapical tissues after root canal treatment of necrotic dog teeth with chronic apical periodontitis by using 2 calcium hydroxide-based root canal dressings and 2 root canal sealers. " 05/01/1999 - "This study was performed to evaluate radiographic healing of teeth with apical periodontitis, treated in one visit or in two visits (a) with or (b) without calcium hydroxide as an intracanal disinfecting medicament. "
2.	ChlorhexidineIBA 04/01/2010 - "Antibacterial efficacy of MTAD final rinse and two percent chlorhexidine gel medication in teeth with apical periodontitis." 11/01/2009 - "Antibacterial efficacy of MTAD final rinse and two percent chlorhexidine gel medication in teeth with apical periodontitis: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial." 07/01/2007 - "The antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medication with 2% chlorhexidine liquid (CHX) was assessed in teeth with apical periodontitis. " 10/01/2014 - "Key words:Apical periodontitis, chlorhexidine, Endovac, immature teeth, QMix solution, root canal disinfection, triantibiotic paste." 06/01/2014 - "Intracanal medication with 2% chlorhexidine gel and root filling with Resilon/Epiphany did not effectively inhibit apical periodontitis subsequent to coronal inoculation."
3.	Sodium Hypochlorite (Clorox)IBA 11/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on human pulp cells to provide an aid in determining its optimum concentration in maintaining the viability of remaining pulp cells in the revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2016 - "Root canals from single-rooted teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis were instrumented using either Reciproc (n = 29) or BioRaCe (n = 30) instruments under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. " 05/01/2015 - "To discuss the clinical and radiological outcome of a revascularization procedure which was completed in a single visit (using sodium hypochlorite 5% as the sole disinfectant) in an immature tooth with a necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2009 - "This paper describes a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) incident occurring during routine endodontic treatment of a patient who presented with chronic periapical periodontitis of a maxillary canine tooth and discusses the immediate and late treatment of this case." 09/01/1997 - "The root canals of 55 single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis were thoroughly instrumented and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite solution. "
4.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/2012 - "Also, the local application of antibacterial agents can be beneficial in resistant cases of apical periodontitis but only after careful culture and sensitivity testing to choose the appropriate agent for the existing flora." 10/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate susceptibility of predominant endodontic pathogens isolated from teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis to most commonly prescribed antibiotics. " 05/01/2015 - "77% of the respondents prescribed the antibiotics for necrotic pulp with acute apical periodontitis; swelling present; mod/ severe preoperative symptoms. " 10/01/2010 - "Susceptibility of endodontic pathogens to antibiotics in patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis." 04/01/2010 - "Almost 60% of respondents prescribed antibiotics for necrotic pulps with chronic apical periodontitis and a sinus tract; in this clinical situation, odontologists prescribed more frequently antibiotics compared to stomatologists (P = 0.0080; odds ratio = 8.0; C. "
5.	Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)IBA 06/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with apical positive pressure irrigation (PP-conventional irrigation) in the periapical repair of dogs' teeth with apical periodontitis. " 09/01/2013 - "In dog's teeth with apical periodontitis, the use of ANP and PUI can be considered promising disinfection protocols as both delivery systems promoted a significant bacterial reduction. " 09/01/2013 - "The present in vivo study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and positive pressure irrigation (PP) in the reduction of intracanal bacteria of dogs' teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. "
6.	YttriumIBA 07/01/2013 - "This blind randomized clinical trial assessed the clinical efficacy of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser radial firing tips (RFT) versus the concomitant use of 3 % sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste in necrotic teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2014 - "As clinical studies conducted to explore the safety and efficacy of new procedures are considered an important focus in endodontic research, the aim of this controlled clinical study was to compare a laser-assisted endodontic treatment using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and radial firing tips (RFT) versus the conventional use of 3% sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste, in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. "
7.	ScandiumIBA 07/01/2013 - "This blind randomized clinical trial assessed the clinical efficacy of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser radial firing tips (RFT) versus the concomitant use of 3 % sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste in necrotic teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2014 - "As clinical studies conducted to explore the safety and efficacy of new procedures are considered an important focus in endodontic research, the aim of this controlled clinical study was to compare a laser-assisted endodontic treatment using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and radial firing tips (RFT) versus the conventional use of 3% sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste, in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. "
8.	GalliumIBA 07/01/2013 - "This blind randomized clinical trial assessed the clinical efficacy of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser radial firing tips (RFT) versus the concomitant use of 3 % sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste in necrotic teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2014 - "As clinical studies conducted to explore the safety and efficacy of new procedures are considered an important focus in endodontic research, the aim of this controlled clinical study was to compare a laser-assisted endodontic treatment using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and radial firing tips (RFT) versus the conventional use of 3% sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste, in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. "
9.	ErbiumIBA 07/01/2013 - "This blind randomized clinical trial assessed the clinical efficacy of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser radial firing tips (RFT) versus the concomitant use of 3 % sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste in necrotic teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2014 - "As clinical studies conducted to explore the safety and efficacy of new procedures are considered an important focus in endodontic research, the aim of this controlled clinical study was to compare a laser-assisted endodontic treatment using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and radial firing tips (RFT) versus the conventional use of 3% sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste, in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. "
10.	ChromiumIBA 07/01/2013 - "This blind randomized clinical trial assessed the clinical efficacy of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser radial firing tips (RFT) versus the concomitant use of 3 % sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste in necrotic teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2014 - "As clinical studies conducted to explore the safety and efficacy of new procedures are considered an important focus in endodontic research, the aim of this controlled clinical study was to compare a laser-assisted endodontic treatment using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and radial firing tips (RFT) versus the conventional use of 3% sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste, in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Solid-State Lasers 06/01/2005 - "Our goal in this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Er:YAG laser applied after biomechanical preparation of the root canals of dog's teeth with apical periodontitis. " 01/01/2014 - "Outcome of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a blind randomized clinical trial." 01/01/2014 - "Forty teeth with persistent symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to treatment groups: group L, intracanal irradiation of 1440-nm Nd:YAG laser with a 300-μm-diameter fiberoptic tip in addition to conventional root canal retreatment, and group C, conventional root canal re-treatment. " 01/01/2014 - "The 1440-nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation via fiberoptic tip to the teeth with persistent apical periodontitis provided promising consequences of pain and inflammation modulation." 01/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a 1440-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser on relieving pain in relation to the levels of inflammatory cytokine and neuropeptides in the root canal exudates of teeth with persistent symptomatic apical periodontitis. "
2.	Crowns (Crown, Dental) 10/01/2011 - "Number of teeth, smoking, and also presence of apical periodontitis and crowns were associated with bone loss and could be used as predictors of future marginal bone level. " 01/01/1993 - "Furthermore, the prevalences of teeth with crowns and posts were studied as well as the prevalence of apical periodontitis in such teeth, to see if these treatments affected the apical status. " 05/01/2011 - "His symptoms markedly improved 3 months after treatment of the apical periodontitis and replacement of dental crowns. " 10/01/2013 - "This study surveyed the preferences of Ontario, Canada dentists for teeth with apical periodontitis when selecting between retention via root canal treatment (RCT) and extraction without replacement, or replacement with implant-supported crowns (ISC), fixed, or removable partial prostheses. " 10/01/1991 - "The aims of the investigation were to study the prevalences of crowned teeth, pontics and posts on two occasions with an interval of 5-7 years and, furthermore, to study apical periodontitis in connection with teeth with crowns and posts to see if such treatments affected this prevalence. "
3.	Root Canal Obturation 12/01/2008 - "The method of apicectomy and root canal obturation completed one time under direct vision is rapid, simple and effective in treating chronic periapical periodontitis of anterior teeth.The" 06/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of length of root canal obturation on apical periodontitis (AP) detected by periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). " 11/01/2014 - "The frequency of apical periodontitis was significantly higher in teeth with inadequate than in those having adequate root canal obturation (72.2% and 25.9%, respectively). " 02/01/2012 - "The relevant factors, including pulp vitality, apical periodontitis, the number of tooth root, and state of root canal obturation, were analyzed. " 06/01/2009 - "Influence of length of root canal obturation on apical periodontitis detected by periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography."
4.	Lasers (Laser) 05/01/1984 - "[Therapy of apical periodontitis using electropharmacophoresis and a 904 nm laser]." 01/01/2003 - "A new method for the treatment of apical periodontitis, making use of Optodan laser, differs from the known method by more rapid periapical tissue regeneration, which is paralleled by high antiinflammatory effect of magnetic laser therapy at early stages of treatment." 01/01/2014 - "As clinical studies conducted to explore the safety and efficacy of new procedures are considered an important focus in endodontic research, the aim of this controlled clinical study was to compare a laser-assisted endodontic treatment using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and radial firing tips (RFT) versus the conventional use of 3% sodium hypochlorite and interim calcium hydroxide paste, in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. "
5.	Absorbable Gelatin Sponge 10/01/2015 - "The use of a gelatin-based scaffold (Gelfoam) combined with a blood clot improved repair in immature dog teeth with apical periodontitis subjected to regenerative endodontic treatment." 10/01/2015 - "This study assessed tissue repair in immature dog teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis after using a gelatin-based scaffold (Gelfoam; Pharmacia & Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI). "