Abstract | IMPORTANCE: OBSERVATIONS: This review summarizes rapidly emerging clinical data on the promise and challenges of implementing ICBs in HCC and discusses the unmet need of biomarkers to predict response or resistance to therapy. Two strategies to target immunosuppression in tumors are also discussed: one proven ( vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibition) and one currently under investigation ( transforming growth factor-β pathway inhibition). The rationale and preliminary evidence on how their inhibition may reprogram the immunosuppressive milieu and enhance the efficacy of ICBs in HCC are reviewed. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The recent successes and failures of angiogenesis inhibitors and ICBs, alone and in combination, have provided important insights into how to implement this novel systemic therapy in HCC and led to new avenues to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in this disease.
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Authors | Matthias Pinter, Rakesh K Jain, Dan G Duda |
Journal | JAMA oncology
(JAMA Oncol)
Vol. 7
Issue 1
Pg. 113-123
(Jan 01 2021)
ISSN: 2374-2445 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 33090190
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Review)
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Chemical References |
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Sorafenib
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Topics |
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
(drug therapy, pathology)
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
(therapeutic use)
- Liver Neoplasms
(drug therapy, pathology)
- Sorafenib
(therapeutic use)
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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