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Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma)

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A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Also Known As:

Hepatoma; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hepatocellular Cancer; Liver Cancer, Adult; Liver Cell Carcinoma, Adult; Adult Liver Cancer; Adult Liver Cancers; Cancer, Adult Liver; Cancer, Hepatocellular; Cancers, Adult Liver; Cancers, Hepatocellular; Carcinomas, Hepatocellular; Hepatocellular Cancers; Hepatocellular Carcinomas; Hepatomas; Liver Cancers, Adult

Networked: 42915 relevant articles (1581 outcomes, 5870 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis)
3.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
5.	Liver Cirrhosis (Hepatic Cirrhosis)

Experts

1.	Fan, Jia: 159 articles (12/2015 - 06/2002)
2.	Kudo, Masatoshi: 121 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Zhou, Jian: 112 articles (10/2015 - 12/2002)
4.	Tang, Zhao-You: 109 articles (11/2015 - 04/2002)
5.	Zhang, Wei: 96 articles (09/2015 - 06/2002)
6.	Fan, Sheung Tat: 94 articles (05/2015 - 03/2002)
7.	Nagano, Hiroaki: 94 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Maehara, Yoshihiko: 91 articles (12/2015 - 01/2004)
9.	Shirabe, Ken: 81 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
10.	Li, Yan: 79 articles (10/2015 - 04/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hepatocellular Carcinoma:

1.	sorafenib (BAY 43-9006)FDA Link 07/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sorafenib, compared to best supportive care (BSC), in two cohorts of patients which presented with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after LT. " 01/01/2014 - "An open-label, single arm, investigator-initiated Phase II study (NCT0071279) was conducted at four Asia-Pacific centers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sequential radioembolization-sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) not amenable to curative therapies. " 01/01/2012 - "No systemic therapy had been proven effective in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) until 2007, when a large randomized trial with sorafenib demonstrated a clinically relevant prolongation of survival. " 09/15/2015 - "To assess the efficacy of continued administration of sorafenib for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with local regional therapy (LRT) after a complete response (CR), also, the adverse events of sorafenib after discontinuation of administration were observed. " 09/01/2015 - "Sustained complete remission of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with sorafenib therapy."
2.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 07/14/2011 - "Ethanol injection is highly effective for hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 2 cm." 02/01/2008 - "Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) is an option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment that is most effective for solitary lesions <or=5 cm or multiple lesions <or=3 cm. Malignant seeding along the needle tract is a rare complication of the procedure. " 03/01/2013 - "To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) alone and combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in high risk locations. " 03/01/2013 - "Therapeutic efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection with or without combined radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinomas in high risk locations." 08/15/2002 - "Hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly patients: beneficial therapeutic efficacy using percutaneous ethanol injection therapy."
3.	InterferonsIBA 01/01/2015 - "Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with interferon-α is safe and effective for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection." 12/15/2012 - "Recently, interferon (IFN) α has been reported to be effective for prevention of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) recurrence, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. " 11/04/2011 - "Interferon-based (IFN-based) therapy is effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 02/01/2011 - "Combination therapy with the oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug S1 and interferon is reportedly effective for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but selection criteria for this therapy have not been clarified. " 01/01/2010 - "Long-term interferon therapy after radiofrequency ablation is effective in treating patients with HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma."
4.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2010 - "In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TFU on the inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via sustained release of 5-FU. " 09/01/2008 - "This is the first report of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma effectively treated using subcutaneous pegylated-interferon-alpha-2b with intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil. " 09/01/2008 - "Effective treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal venous invasion using a combination therapy of intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil and subcutaneous pegylated-interferon-alpha-2b." 09/01/1997 - "Given the above results, continuous intra-arterial administration of this 5-FU therapy may be effective for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma." 11/01/1993 - "A Phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous fluorouracil (5-FU) and subcutaneous recombinant interferon-alpha-2b (rIFN-alpha-2b) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to define factors that might be predictive of a response to treatment. "
5.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2011 - "It has been shown that the drug-eluting beads loaded with doxorubicin (DEBDOX) are effective for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 10/19/2005 - "Single-agent doxorubicin has been widely used to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the response rate is low (< 20%) and there is no convincing evidence for improved survival. " 01/01/1984 - "These results suggest that Doxorubicin is not an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma." 01/01/2012 - "Management of diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma (≧ 10 Lesions) with doxorubicin-loaded DC beads is a safe and effective treatment option." 01/01/2012 - "The present study focuses on evaluation of the efficacy of doxorubicin when it is loaded into the protein nanoparticles and delivered intravenously in rats bearing Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "
6.	Ethiodized Oil (Ethiodol)FDA Link 06/01/2005 - "Adjuvant iodine-131-labeled lipiodol for prevention of intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: which is the best treatment schedule?" 04/01/1988 - "Lipiodol-computed tomography is very effective in the diagnosis of daughter nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma." 04/01/2010 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemo-lipiodol infusion (TACL) in high-risk patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 04/01/1989 - "[A case of hepatoma treated successfully with a percutaneous intratumoral injection of CDDP-PC-lipiodol suspension]." 01/01/2008 - "In this prospective randomized trial, we attempted to find out if 1 dose of postoperative adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labeled lipiodol could reduce the rate of local recurrence, and increase disease-free and overall survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "
7.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2002 - "The use of low-dose cisplatin infusion as a radiosensitising agent in (131)I-Lipiodol therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma seems safe and may be beneficial for tumour control. " 01/01/2013 - "Therapeutic efficacy of transarterial chemo-embolization with a fine-powder formulation of cisplatin for hepatocellular carcinoma." 01/01/2013 - "Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment by arterial infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-II (cisplatin) exhibits certain therapeutic efficacy. " 08/01/2015 - "Protective effects of hepatic stellate cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma G2 cells." 09/21/2015 - "To study the effects of QHF-cisplatin on H22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their mechanisms of action. "
8.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)IBA 08/01/2012 - "In a real-world setting, the combination of US and AFP would be the most effective for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance." 01/01/1983 - "Serial measurement of AFP appears to be the most helpful for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma at the early stage, particularly in cirrhotic patients. " 07/01/2003 - "The paucity of high-quality data calls for more rigorous study of AFP and other diagnostic tests for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected patients with an accepted gold standard applied to the entire cohort. " 01/01/2009 - "It is concluded that AFP is a significant markers for Hepatocellular carcinoma, helpful in assessing problems in management of HCC and monitoring treatment regiments. " 02/01/2006 - "A significantly greater proportion of respondents screened for hepatocellular carcinoma using either alpha-fetoprotein or ultrasound every 6 months (P < 0.05). "
9.	Epirubicin (Ellence)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1988 - "The efficacy of high-dose 4'epidoxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma." 05/15/2014 - "The combination had a greater effect on the induction of HA22T/VGH cell apoptosis and could potentially serve as a more effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma than epirubicin alone." 05/15/2014 - "Although epirubicin, an anthracycline drug, is widely used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, its therapeutic efficacy is disappointing. " 11/01/1996 - "A case of hepatocellular carcinoma effectively treated with epirubicin aqueous vesicles in monodispersed iodized poppy-seed oil microdroplets." 09/01/1988 - "An open phase II study of high-dose 4'epidoxorubicin (90 mg/m2) was conducted in 33 patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. "
10.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)FDA Link 07/01/2006 - "Postoperative interferon alpha treatment postponed recurrence and improved overall survival in patients after curative resection of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial." 09/01/1997 - "Treatment with alpha interferon appears to decrease the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who achieve a sustained remission. " 05/01/2004 - "Interferon-alpha, either as a single-agent treatment or as a biochemical modulator, has also been reported to be effective in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. " 10/01/2006 - "Postoperative interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy improved survival in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 01/01/1997 - "[Efficacy of interferon alpha in primary prevention of preneoplastic lesions in a transgenic murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma related to the interaction between woodchuck hepatitis viruses and c-myc oncogene]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Liver Transplantation 10/01/2014 - "Liver transplantation (LT) is the best option of cure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 04/27/2014 - "Liver transplantation (LT) is the most effective treatment for small and unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). " 02/01/2014 - "Orthotopic liver transplantation is currently the best treatment option for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 12/28/2013 - "Although liver transplantation is theoretically the best treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is limited by the realities of perioperative complications, and the shortage of donor organs. " 04/01/2012 - "Liver transplantation is believed to be the best treatment option for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 12/01/2011 - "Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most difficult to cure with surgery, chemotherapy, or other combinational therapies. " 10/01/2003 - "Percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (PIHP) using high-dose chemotherapeutic agents is highly effective for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison with conventional regional and systemic chemotherapies. " 03/20/1990 - "It was concluded that PS and hepatic reserve might be the most important factors determining the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma." 01/01/2015 - "Prophylactic hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy improved survival after curative resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma." 09/01/2008 - "We report a case of complete pathological remission of hepatocellular carcinoma after three cycles of systemic chemotherapy. "
3.	Hepatectomy 08/01/2014 - "For patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatectomy remains one of the best treatment options to provide long-term survival. " 12/01/2008 - "Hepatectomy is now considered as the most effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). " 01/01/2001 - "Repeat hepatectomy is the most useful treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma." 11/01/2012 - "[A case of bilobar multiple hepatocellular carcinoma in which complete remission was achieved by preoperative percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion and subsequent hepatectomy]." 07/01/2008 - "A curative hepatectomy is the mainstay of effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the treatment of large HCC remains challenging. "
4.	Radiotherapy 10/01/2012 - "Traditional radiotherapy is only effective in treating hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in doses above 50 Gy, but this is above the recommended liver radiation exposure of about 35 Gy, which is an important limitation making this treatment unsuitable for routine clinical practice. " 03/01/2003 - "The results suggest that combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with local radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. " 03/01/2006 - "Radiosensitization by PTX is possibly associated with the abrogation of G(2)/M arrest in Hep3b cells following radiation exposure, suggesting that potential clinical application of PTX may enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma." 02/15/2005 - "Based on this strategy, the 3-drug combination offered potential for improved radiolabelled IdUrd molecular radiotherapy for hepatoma treatment." 02/01/2014 - "Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is a relatively new treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 12/01/2012 - "Since the development of strict selection criteria in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing liver transplant with the implementation of the Milan criteria, patient survival and recurrence rates after liver transplant have dramatically improved. " 04/01/2004 - "Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is increasing in incidence and liver transplant (LT) is likely the best treatment for long-term survival and decreased recurrence in those with localized disease. " 06/01/2014 - "Microwave ablation is safe and effective for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, achieving excellent results in local disease down-staging or as a "bridge" to liver transplant, with no significant differences in local recurrence and complications compared with the more commonly used radiofrequency ablation. " 01/01/2006 - "Transplant surgeons have long dreamed of achieving a complete cure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by replacing the liver with a new graft. " 03/14/2005 - "To determine the effectiveness of pre-liver transplant (LT) transarterial embolization (TAE) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the patient categories, which are likely to have a good outcome after LT. "