The role of extracelluar matrix in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis.

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality due to its high rates of pulmonary metastasis. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved 5-year survival rates for patients with localized OS from 20% to over 65%, outcomes for those with metastasis remain dismal. In addition, therapeutic regimens have not significantly improved patient outcomes over the past four decades, and metastases remains a primary cause of death and obstacle in curative therapy. These limitations in care have given rise to numerous works focused on mechanisms and novel targets of OS pathogenesis, including tumor niche factors. OS is notable for its hallmark production of rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of osteoid that goes beyond simple physiological growth support. The aberrant signaling and structural components of the ECM are rich promoters of OS development, and very recent works have shown the specific pathogenic phenotypes induced by these macromolecules. Here we summarize the current developments outlining how the ECM contributes to OS progression and metastasis with supporting mechanisms. We also illustrate the potential of tumorigenic ECM elements as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the evolving clinical management of OS.

• Authors: Juncheng Cui, Dylan Dean, Francis J Hornicek, Zhiwei Chen, Zhenfeng Duan
• Journal: Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR (J Exp Clin Cancer Res) Vol. 39 Issue 1 Pg. 178 (Sep 04 2020) ISSN: 1756-9966 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 32887645 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Topics

• Animals
• Bone Neoplasms (metabolism, secondary)
• Disease Progression
• Extracellular Matrix (metabolism, pathology)
• Extracellular Matrix Proteins (metabolism)
• Humans
• Osteosarcoma (metabolism, pathology)
• Phosphorylation
• Signal Transduction