Inhibiting autophagy potentiates the antitumor efficacy of Euphorbia royleana for canine mammary gland tumors.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Canine mammary gland tumors (cMGTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female canines and viewed as a suitable model for studying human breast cancers. Euphorbia royleana has been reported to have a variety of antitumor efficacies. We have prepared the crude extracts of E. royleana in ethanol and hexane solvents to evaluate the anti-tumor effects for cMGT in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS:

The results showed that E. royleana could inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation in cMGT cells. The suppression of tumor cell growth resulted from necrosis and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, autophagy appears to play a critical role in E. royleana-mediated cell death by triggering cell apoptosis. The in vivo results also revealed that E. royleana treatment could reduce the size of solid tumors while exhibiting low toxicity in cMGT-bearing nude mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

The anti-tumor mechanisms of E. royleana were firstly verified to show it would cause autophagic cell death, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in canine mammary tumor cells. The in vitro and in vivo findings in the present study revealed E. royleana has potential anticancer effects for the treatment of canine mammary gland tumors.

• Authors: Yu-Ya Huang, Chia-Hung Chen, Chia-Hui Hsu, Tsun-Yung Kuo, Cheng-Chi Liu, Albert Tai-Ching Liao, Chen-Si Lin
• Journal: BMC veterinary research (BMC Vet Res) Vol. 16 Issue 1 Pg. 193 (Jun 12 2020) ISSN: 1746-6148 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 32532319 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Plant Extracts

Topics

• Animals
• Apoptosis
• Autophagy (drug effects)
• Cell Cycle Checkpoints
• Cell Line
• Chlorocebus aethiops
• Dog Diseases (drug therapy)
• Dogs
• Euphorbia (chemistry)
• Female
• Mammary Neoplasms, Animal (drug therapy)
• Mice, Nude
• Plant Extracts (pharmacology, toxicity)
• Vero Cells