The
cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6-
cyclin D1-Rb-
p16/ink4a pathway is responsible for regulating cell progression past the G1 restriction point during the cell cycle. The development of a majority of human
tumors is associated with dysregulation of this pathway, resulting in increased
cancer cell proliferation. Both CDK4 and CDK6, well-validated
cancer drug targets, function primarily as catalytic
enzymes that mediate the phosphorylation of
retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Here, we determined that SPH3643 is a novel potent antiproliferative agent that inhibits CDK4/6
kinase activity. In biochemical assays, SPH3643 showed more potent inhibition of both CDK4 and CDK6 than did 2 published CDK4/6 inhibitors,
LY2835219 and
palbociclib, and had better selectivity than
LY2835219. Further in vitro study revealed that SPH3643 blocked Cdk/Rb signaling by inhibiting the phosphorylation of RbSer780 and arrested the MCF-7
cancer cells at G0 /G1 phase, resulting in marked inhibition of the proliferation of Rb-positive
cancer cell lines. In vivo SPH3643 treatment in mice bearing xenograft
tumor models of
breast cancer,
colon cancer,
acute myelocytic leukemia, and
glioblastoma resulted in significant decreases in
tumor growth. SPH3643 was able to particularly strongly inhibit
glioblastoma (U87-MG) cell growth in the brains of orthotopic
carcinoma xenograft mice due to its high degree of intracerebral penetration and significant persistence in this setting. Together these results revealed that SPH3643 is a potent, orally active small-molecule inhibitor of CDK4/6 with robust anticancer efficacy and a high degree of blood-brain barrier permeability.