Bone Benefits of Fish Oil Supplementation Depend on its EPA and DHA Content.

Abstract

The preventive effect of high-dose (9%) regular-fish oil (FO) against bone loss during aging has been demonstrated, but the effects of a low-dose (1%-4%) of a highly purified concentrated FO (CFO) has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-dependent effect of a CFO against bone loss in C57BL/6 female mice during aging. Twelve-month old mice were fed with 1% and 4% CFO and 4% safflower oil (SFO) diets, including a group with a 4% regular-FO diet and a group with a lab chow diet for 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after the dietary intervention. At the end of dietary intervention, bone resorption markers in serum and inflammatory markers in bone marrow and splenocytes and inflammatory signaling pathways in the bone marrow were analyzed. As compared to the 4% SFO control, 4% CFO maintained higher BMD during aging, while 1% CFO offered only a mild benefit. However, the 1% CFO fed group exhibited slightly better BMD than the 4% regular-FO fed group. BMD loss protection by CFO was accompanied by reduced levels of the bone resorption marker, TRAP, and the osteoclast-stimulating-factor, RANKL, without affecting the decoy-receptor of RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Further, CFO supplementation was associated with an increase in the production of IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ and a decrease in the production of TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways. In conclusion, the supplementation of 4% CFO is very efficient in maintaining BMD during aging, whereas 1% CFO is only mildly beneficial. CFO supplementation starting at middle age may maintain better bone health during aging.

• Authors: Haissam Abou-Saleh, Allal Ouhtit, Ganesh V Halade, Md Mizanur Rahman
• Journal: Nutrients (Nutrients) Vol. 11 Issue 11 (Nov 08 2019) ISSN: 2072-6643 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 31717258 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Bone Density Conservation Agents
• Cytokines
• Docosahexaenoic Acids
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid
• JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
• p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Topics

• Age Factors
• Animals
• Bone Density (drug effects)
• Bone Density Conservation Agents (analysis, pharmacology)
• Bone Marrow Cells (drug effects, metabolism)
• Bone Remodeling (drug effects)
• Bone and Bones (diagnostic imaging, drug effects, metabolism, physiopathology)
• Cells, Cultured
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Dietary Supplements (analysis)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Docosahexaenoic Acids (analysis, pharmacology)
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid (analysis, pharmacology)
• Female
• JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism)
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Osteoporosis (diagnostic imaging, metabolism, physiopathology, prevention & control)
• Signal Transduction
• p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism)