Is p-Phenylenediamine Still a Prevalent Contact Allergen in Spain?

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To analyze trends in the prevalence of contact sensitization to p-phenylenediamine between 2004 and 2014, taking into consideration that the concentration of this product in cosmetics was regulated in 2009. To explore risk factors for contact allergy to p-phenylenediamine.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Retrospective observational study of patients suspected of having contact dermatitis from allergy to p-phenylenediamine during the years between 2004 and 2015 in 8 tertiary level hospitals. The patients underwent patch testing (TRUE-test) with the standard series of the Spanish Research Group on Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergies. This series included p-phenylenediamine 1%. We followed international recommendations for the statistical analysis of data related to contact allergies.

RESULTS:

Three hundred eighty-six out of 9341 patients (4.1%) had positive reactions to p-phenylenediamine. The prevalence tended to decrease in the early years (2004-2007) and then leveled off at around 4%. Risk factors for developing contact dermatitis from p-phenylenediamine were sex, age over 40 years, multiple sensitivities, and profession, notably workers in hair salons and those who handle rubber and plastics.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of p-phenylenediamine allergy remains high among patients with contact eczema. Risk factors for p-phenylenediamine contact allergy are consistent with previous reports.

• Authors: J Sánchez-Pérez, M A Descalzo-Gallego, J F Silvestre, V Fernández-Redondo, J García-Gavín, I Ruiz-Gonzalez, P Mercader, J C Armario-Hita, I Garcia-Doval, A Giménez-Arnau
• Journal: Actas dermo-sifiliograficas (Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed)) Vol. 111 Issue 1 Pg. 47-52 (Jan 02 2020) ISSN: 2173-5778 [Electronic] Spain
• Vernacular Title: ¿Sigue siendo la parafenilendiamina un alérgeno de contacto prevalente en España?
• PMID: 31627850 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Observational Study)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2019 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Coloring Agents
• Phenylenediamines
• 4-phenylenediamine

Topics

• Adult
• Coloring Agents (adverse effects)
• Dermatitis, Allergic Contact (epidemiology, etiology)
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Phenylenediamines (adverse effects)
• Prevalence
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Spain (epidemiology)