High plasma glutamate and low glutamine-to-glutamate ratio are associated with type 2 diabetes: Case-cohort study within the PREDIMED trial.
Abstract | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: METHODS AND RESULTS: The present study was built within the PREDIMED trial using a case-cohort design including 892 participants with 251 incident T2D cases and 641 non-cases. Participants (mean age 66.3 years; female 62.8%) were non diabetic and at high risk for CVD at baseline. Plasma levels of glutamine and glutamate were measured at baseline and after 1-year of intervention. Higher glutamate levels at baseline were associated with increased risk of T2D with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.78 (95% CI, 1.43-5.41, P for trend = 0.0002). In contrast, baseline levels of glutamine (HR: 0.64, 95% CI, 0.36-1.12; P for trend = 0.04) and glutamine-to- glutamate ratio (HR: 0.31, 95% CI, 0.16-0.57; P for trend = 0.0001) were inversely associated with T2D risk when comparing extreme quartiles. The two Mediterranean diets (MedDiet + EVOO and MedDiet + mixed nuts) did not alter levels of glutamine and glutamate after intervention for 1 year. However, MedDiet mitigated the positive association between higher baseline plasma glutamate and T2D risk (P for interaction = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Higher levels of glutamate and lower levels of glutamine were associated with increased risk of T2D in a Spanish population at high risk for CVD. Mediterranean diet might mitigate the association between the imbalance of glutamine and glutamate and T2D risk. This trial is registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com, ISRCTN35739639.
|
Authors | Xiaoran Liu, Yan Zheng, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Estefanía Toledo, Clary Clish, Liming Liang, Cristina Razquin, Dolores Corella, Ramón Estruch, Montserrat Fito, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Fernando Arós, Emilio Ros, José Lapetra, Miquel Fiol, Lluis Serra-Majem, Christopher Papandreou, Miguel A Martínez-González, Frank B Hu, Jordi Salas-Salvadó |
Journal | Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
(Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis)
Vol. 29
Issue 10
Pg. 1040-1049
(10 2019)
ISSN: 1590-3729 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 31377179
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
|
Copyright | Copyright © 2019 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Biomarkers
- Glutamine
- Glutamic Acid
|
Topics |
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers
(blood)
- Cardiovascular Diseases
(blood, diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention & control)
- Case-Control Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
(blood, diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention & control)
- Diet, Healthy
- Diet, Mediterranean
- Female
- Glutamic Acid
(blood)
- Glutamine
(blood)
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Primary Prevention
(methods)
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Spain
(epidemiology)
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
|
|
Join CureHunter, for free Research Interface BASIC access!
Take advantage of free CureHunter research engine access to explore the best drug and treatment options for any disease.
Find out why thousands of doctors, pharma researchers and patient activists
around the world use CureHunter every day.
Realize the full power of the drug-disease research graph!
|