Water-based extracts of Zizania latifolia inhibit Staphylococcus aureus infection through the induction of human beta-defensin 2 expression in HaCaT cells.

Abstract	Zizania latifolia is a perennial herb belonging to the family Gramineae that has been used as a health food in Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of Z. latifolia, which increased human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) expression in HaCaT cells. hBD2 expression was further increased in cells treated with Z. latifolia extracts and subsequently infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Inversely, S. aureus infection decreased after treatment. The induction of hBD2 in HaCaT cells was mediated by the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway, including the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). Further study using siRNA revealed that hBD2 played an important role in the inhibition of S. aureus infection in HaCaT cells. Our data suggest that Z. latifolia extracts can be used as an antimicrobial ingredient for skin treatment formulas.
Authors	Bo Yeon Kang, Seung-Su Lee, Myun-Ho Bang, Hyoik Jeon, Hangeun Kim, Dae Kyun Chung
Journal	Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) (J Microbiol) Vol. 56 Issue 12 Pg. 910-916 (Dec 2018) ISSN: 1976-3794 [Electronic] Korea (South)
PMID	30484159 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References	Anti-Bacterial Agents DEFB4A protein, human Plant Extracts RNA, Small Interfering TLR2 protein, human Toll-Like Receptor 2 Transcription Factor AP-1 beta-Defensins Water Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
Topics	Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology) Cell Line (drug effects) Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (metabolism) Gene Expression Regulation (drug effects) Humans Immunity, Innate (drug effects) Plant Extracts (pharmacology) Poaceae (chemistry) RNA, Small Interfering Signal Transduction Staphylococcal Skin Infections (therapy) Staphylococcus aureus (drug effects) Toll-Like Receptor 2 (metabolism) Transcription Factor AP-1 (metabolism) Water beta-Defensins (drug effects, metabolism)

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