Renewing interest in immune aspects of
schizophrenia and new findings about the brain-fat axis encourage us to discuss the possible role of
interleukin-6 (IL-6) in
schizophrenia. Previously, it was suggested that a primary alteration of the innate immune system may be relevant in
schizophrenia. Functional dichotomy of
IL-6 suggests that this chemical messenger may be responsible for regulating the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, with tissue-specific properties at the periphery and in the central nervous system. Specific phase of this chronic and deteriorating disorder must be considered, which can involve
IL-6 in acute or possible chronic
inflammation and/or autoimmunity. We give an overview of
IL-6 role in the onset and progression of this disorder, also considering
cognitive impairment and metabolic changes in patients with
schizophrenia. Data suggest that decreased serum level of
IL-6 following
antipsychotic therapy could be predisposing factor for the development of
obesity and
obesity-related metabolic disorders in
schizophrenia. As we reviewed, the
IL-6 plays significant role in disease genesis and progression, so the use of specific inhibitors may not only be beneficial for exacerbation and alleviation of positive symptoms, but may attenuate
cognitive impairment in patients with
schizophrenia.