Interactive effects of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on dental root resorption, tooth movement velocity and alveolar bone loss in a rat model.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Many adult orthodontic patients suffer from chronic periodontitis with recurrent episodes of active periodontal inflammation. As their number is steadily increasing, orthodontists are more and more frequently challenged by respective treatment considerations. However, little is currently known regarding interactive effects on undesired dental root resorption (DRR), tooth movement velocity, periodontal bone loss and the underlying cellular and tissue reactions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

A total of 63 male Fischer344 rats were used in three consecutive experiments employing 21 animals each (A/B/C), randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (n=7, 1/2/3), respectively: (A) CBCT; (B) histology/serology; (C) RT-qPCR-(1) control; (2) orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the first/second upper left molars (NiTi coil spring, 0.25N); (3) OTM with experimentally induced periodontitis (cervical silk ligature). After 14days of OTM, we quantified blood leukocyte level, DRR, osteoclast activity and relative gene expression of inflammatory and osteoclast marker genes within the dental-periodontal tissue as well as tooth movement velocity and periodontal bone loss after 14 and 28 days.

RESULTS:

The experimentally induced periodontal bone loss was significantly increased by concurrent orthodontic force application. Periodontal inflammation during OTM on the other hand significantly augmented the extent of DRR, relative expression of inflammatory/osteoclast marker genes, blood leukocyte level and periodontal osteoclast activity. In addition, contrary to previous studies, we observed a significant increase in tooth movement velocity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although accelerated tooth movement would be favourable for orthodontic treatment, our results suggest that orthodontic interventions should only be performed after successful systematic periodontal therapy and paused in case of recurrent active inflammation.

• Authors: Christian Kirschneck, Jochen Fanghänel, Ulrich Wahlmann, Michael Wolf, J Camilo Roldán, Peter Proff
• Journal: Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft (Ann Anat) Vol. 210 Pg. 32-43 (Mar 2017) ISSN: 1618-0402 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 27838559 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Inflammation Mediators

Topics

• Alveolar Bone Loss (pathology)
• Animals
• Gene Expression (genetics)
• Inflammation Mediators
• Leukocyte Count
• Male
• Molar (anatomy & histology, pathology)
• Osteoclasts
• Periodontitis (pathology)
• Platelet Count
• Rats
• Rats, Inbred F344
• Spinal Nerve Roots (pathology)
• Tooth Movement Techniques
• Tooth Resorption (pathology)