Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is characterized as
Hyperglycemia activates thdisturbed nerve conduction and progressive
chronic pain. Inflammatory mediators, particularly
cytokines, have a determinant role in the pathogenesis of
neuropathic pain. The activity of
adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK), an energy charge sensor with neuroprotective properties, is decreased in diabetes. It has been reported that activation of AMPK reduces the systemic
inflammation through inhibition of
cytokines. In this study, we aimed to investigate the probable protective effects of AMPK on DN in a rat of diabetes. DN was induced by injection of
streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.). Motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCV) of the sciatic nerve, as an electrophysiological marker for peripheral nerve damage, were measured. Plasma levels of
IL-6, TNF-α, CRP were assessed as relevant markers for inflammatory response. Also, the expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and non-phosphorylated (non-p-AMPK) was evaluated by western blotting in the dorsal root ganglia. Histopathological assessment was performed to determine the extent of nerve damage in sciatic nerve. Our findings showed that activation of AMPK by
metformin (300 mg/kg) significantly increased the MNCV and reduced the levels of inflammatory
cytokines. In addition, we showed that administration of
metformin increased the expression of p-AMPK as well as decline in the level of non p-AMPK. Our results demonstrated that co-administration of
dorsomorphin with
metformin reversed the beneficial effects of
metformin. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in
diabetic neuropathy might be associated with the anti-inflammatory response.