Inflammation and oxidative stress are the two major causes of apoptosis after
traumatic brain injury (TBI). Most previous studies of the
neuroprotective effects of
hydrogen-rich water on TBI primarily focused on
antioxidant effects. The present study investigated whether
hydrogen-rich water (HRW) could attenuate brain damage and
inflammation after
traumatic brain injury in rats. A TBI model was induced using a controlled cortical impact injury. HRW or distilled water was injected intraperitoneally daily following surgery. We measured survival rate,
brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and neurological dysfunction in all animals. Changes in inflammatory
cytokines, inflammatory cells and Cho/Cr metabolites in brain tissues were also detected. Our results demonstrated that TBI-challenged rats exhibited significant
brain injuries that were characterized by decreased survival rate and increased BBB permeability,
brain edema, and neurological dysfunction, while HRW treatment ameliorated the consequences of TBI. HRW treatment also decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory
cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and
HMGB1), inflammatory cell number (Iba1) and inflammatory metabolites (Cho) and increased the levels of an anti-inflammatory
cytokine (IL-10) in the brain tissues of TBI-challenged rats. In conclusion, HRW could exert a
neuroprotective effect against TBI and attenuate
inflammation, which suggests HRW as an effective therapeutic strategy for TBI patients.