Abstract | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: METHODS: At 1h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by an autologous embolus, rats received t-PA. In addition, at the same time, ischemic animals were treated with either EtOH (1.0 g/kg) or hypothermia (33°C for 3h) in combination with NBO (60% for 3h). Extent of neuroprotection was assessed by apoptotic cell death measured by ELISA and Western immunoblotting analysis for pro- (AIF, activated Caspase-3, Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) protein expression at 3 and 24h of reperfusion induced by t-PA administration. RESULTS: Compared to ischemic rats treated only with t-PA, animals with NBO, hypothermia or EtOH had significantly reduced apoptotic cell death by 32.5%, 43.1% and 36.0% respectively. Furthermore, combination therapy that included NBO+EtOH or NBO+Hypo with t-PA exhibited a much larger decline (p<0.01) in the cell death by 71.1% and 73.6%, respectively. Similarly, NBO+EtOH or NBO+Hypo treatment in addition to t-PA enhanced beneficial effects on both pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expressions as compared to other options. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroprotection after stroke can be enhanced by combination treatment with either EtOH or hypothermia in the presence of t-PA and 60% NBO. Because the effects produced by EtOH and hypothermia are comparable, their mechanism of action may be not only similar but also could be interchangeable in future clinical trials.
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Authors | Zhili Ji, Kayin Liu, Lipeng Cai, Changya Peng, Ruiqiang Xin, Zhi Gao, Ethan Zhao, Radhika Rastogi, Wei Han, Jose A Rafols, Xiaokun Geng, Yuchuan Ding |
Journal | Brain research
(Brain Res)
Vol. 1627
Pg. 31-40
(Nov 19 2015)
ISSN: 1872-6240 [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 26319679
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
Chemical References |
- Apoptosis Inducing Factor
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Fibrinolytic Agents
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
- Ethanol
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Caspase 3
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Topics |
- Animals
- Apoptosis Inducing Factor
(metabolism)
- Brain Ischemia
(complications)
- Caspase 3
(metabolism)
- Cell Death
(drug effects)
- Central Nervous System Depressants
(pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- DNA Fragmentation
(drug effects)
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ethanol
(therapeutic use)
- Fibrinolytic Agents
(pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Hypothermia, Induced
- Male
- Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
(metabolism)
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stroke
(drug therapy, etiology, therapy)
- Time Factors
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
(therapeutic use)
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
(metabolism)
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