Shock releases bile acid inducing platelet inhibition and fibrinolysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Metabolites are underappreciated for their effect on coagulation. Taurocholic acid (TUCA), a bile acid, has been shown to regulate cellular activity and promote fibrin sealant degradation. We hypothesize that TUCA impairs whole blood clot formation and promotes fibrinolysis.

METHODS:

TUCA was exogenously added to whole blood obtained from volunteers. A titration from 250 μM-750 μM was used due to biologic relevance. Whole blood mixtures were assayed using thrombelastography for clot strength (maximum amplitude [MA]) and fibrinolysis (LY30) quantification. Tranexamic acid was used to block plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis. Platelet microfluidics were performed. A proteomic analysis was completed on citrated plasma obtained from a shock and resuscitation rat model.

RESULTS:

Fibrinolysis increased when 750-μM TUCA was added to whole blood (median LY30 0.08-5.7, P = 0.010) and clot strength decreased (median MA of 53.3-43.8, P = 0.010). The addition of tranexamic acid, to a 750-μM TUCA titration, partially reversed the induced fibrinolysis (LY30: without 7.7 versus with 2.7) and the decrease in clot strength (MA: without 48.2 versus with 53.2), but did not reverse the effects to whole blood levels. Platelet function reduced by 50% in the presence of 100-μM TUCA. Rats had a median 52-fold increase in TUCA, after a shock state that stayed elevated after resuscitation.

CONCLUSIONS:

TUCA reduces clot strength and promotes fibrinolysis. The clot strength reduction is attributable to platelet inhibition. This metabolic effect on coagulation warrants further investigation, as localized areas of the body, with high levels of bile acid, may be at risk for postoperative bleeding.

• Authors: Gregory Wiener, Hunter B Moore, Ernest E Moore, Eduardo Gonzalez, Scott Diamond, Shu Zhu, Angelo D'Alessandro, Anirban Banerjee
• Journal: The Journal of surgical research (J Surg Res) Vol. 195 Issue 2 Pg. 390-5 (May 15 2015) ISSN: 1095-8673 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25777826 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
• Taurocholic Acid
• Tranexamic Acid

Topics

• Adult
• Animals
• Fibrinolysis (drug effects)
• Humans
• Male
• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (pharmacology)
• Rats
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Taurocholic Acid (pharmacology)
• Tranexamic Acid (pharmacology)