Bile Acids and Salts (Bile Acids)

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

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Networked: 3397 relevant articles (120 outcomes, 323 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Trauner, Michael: 28 articles (09/2014 - 01/2002)
2.	Beuers, Ulrich: 19 articles (04/2015 - 02/2004)
3.	Williamson, Catherine: 14 articles (04/2015 - 03/2002)
4.	Fickert, Peter: 13 articles (09/2014 - 01/2002)
5.	Hofmann, Alan F: 13 articles (06/2014 - 01/2002)
6.	Raufman, Jean-Pierre: 11 articles (10/2015 - 10/2002)
7.	Jaeschke, Hartmut: 11 articles (03/2015 - 02/2006)
8.	Marin, Jose J G: 11 articles (01/2015 - 08/2002)
9.	Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich: 10 articles (01/2015 - 12/2002)
10.	Kuipers, Folkert: 10 articles (08/2014 - 04/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Pruritus (Itching) 10/01/2014 - "Pruritus resolved in nine children with significant reduction of serum bile acids (P < 0.02). " 03/01/2012 - "Thirteen patients (54%) improved significantly, with a normalization of serum bile acids (P < .001 vs postoperatively) and lessened pruritus (P < .05 vs preoperatively) at 12 months after PEBD. " 08/01/1996 - "These findings show that UDCA is more effective than SAMe in controlling pruritus and total bile acids, which are considered a prognostic parameter in ICP with respect to the fetus. " 10/01/1981 - "Serum bile acids levels fell in all patients in whom pruritus improved but not in the patient who responded less favorably." 01/01/2015 - "A prospective observational study was performed in pregnant patients who underwent blood tests for bile acids due to persistent pruritus. "
2.	Cholestasis 01/01/2010 - "These findings indicate that loss of Ostalpha provides protection from liver injury in obstructive cholestasis through adaptive responses in both the kidney and liver that enhance clearance of bile acids into urine and through detoxification pathways most likely mediated by the nuclear receptor Car." 01/01/2013 - "Therapeutic approaches that target Mfn2 may have protective effects against hepatotoxic of bile acids during cholestasis." 12/01/2013 - "The use of UDCA in patients with cholestasis would be benefited because of the protective effect on the intestinal Ca(2+) absorption, avoiding the inhibition caused by hydrophobic bile acids and neutralizing the oxidative stress." 01/01/2003 - "The results demonstrate that there is a functional adaptive downregulation of renal tubular bile acid transport enhancing renal clearance of bile acids during the early phase of an obstructive cholestasis." 03/24/1989 - "These findings indicate that altered metabolism, such as 1 beta- or 6 alpha-hydroxylation of bile acids, is enhanced in cholestasis, and that the resulting hydroxylated metabolites are eliminated in the urine."
3.	Gallstones (Gallstone) 02/01/1998 - "Bile salts and pigment content were significantly greater in gallstone-free controls than in all other disease study groups. " 11/01/1982 - "To test the comparative efficacy of these two cholelitholytic bile acids, 223 gallstones patients were randomly treated with either UDCA or CDCA at two different doses: 7 to 8 mg per kg per day and 14 to 15 mg per kg per day. " 01/01/2013 - "Effects of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant to bile acids in medical dissolution therapy for gallstones: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot trial." 02/01/1999 - "In this study we wanted to evaluate the long term recurrence of gallstones after stone clearance with ESWL and oral bile acids, and to assess possible risk and preventive factors of stone recurrence. " 01/01/1999 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the profiles of fecal bile acid in gallstone patients, in order to estimate the quality and amount of fecal bile acids. "
4.	Liver Diseases (Liver Disease) 02/01/2009 - "As a novel, non-invasive marker of liver damage, we studied the efficacy of urine bile acids (UBA) in a rat model of liver disease. " 02/01/1995 - "Ursodeoxycholate (UDCA), a hydrophilic bile salt, ameliorates hepatocellular injury by toxic bile salts and is used to treat cholestatic liver disease. " 12/01/1979 - "Clearance of bile acids seems to be unimpaired in all except severe liver disease. " 03/01/1978 - "Determination of serum bile acids is helpful for screening and follow up of liver diseases, it gives however only little support in the differentiation of various hepatic diseases. " 11/01/2004 - "Although this preliminary study could not establish a causal relationship between cholemia and oxidative stress, we believe this model is worthy of further investigation to study the impact of short-term and long-term cholemia on diverse physiological and biochemical functions such as trying to establish a causal role for bile acids in the development of oxidative stress in cholestatic liver disease."
5.	Intrahepatic Cholestasis 10/01/1992 - "These results may indicate that UDCA is effective for the intrahepatic cholestasis in the case with no bile duct epithelial damage but in the presence of it hepato-cellular injury is introduced by the accumulated toxic bile acids in the blood." 12/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, obstetrical and fetal complication rates of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in patients managed actively around 38 weeks and evaluate the correlation of these results with liver function tests and bile acids. " 12/01/2007 - "This study demonstrated that HGF is a novel regulator of CYP7A1 and bile acid synthesis in human hepatocytes and may protect hepatocytes from accumulating toxic bile acids and developing intrahepatic cholestasis during the early stage of liver regeneration." 01/01/1991 - "To study a possible effect of the concentration of bile acids on the umbilical circulation we performed pulse-wave Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery in 15 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis between 34 and 38 weeks of gestation. " 01/01/2016 - "The increase in bile acids observed in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has been noted to cause a change in the immune system from the normally mediated TH2 response to one that is more oriented towards TH1. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Cholesterol
2.	Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Urso)
3.	Bilirubin
4.	Alkaline Phosphatase
5.	Alanine Transaminase (SGPT)
6.	Acids
7.	Glucose (Dextrose)
8.	Aspartate Aminotransferases (Aspartate Transaminase)
9.	Ammonia
10.	Enzymes

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lithotripsy (Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy)
2.	Oral Administration
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
4.	Lung Transplantation
5.	Gastrectomy