Combination of direct infusion mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry for toxicometabolomic study of red blood cells and serum of mice Mus musculus after mercury exposure.

Abstract	Although mercury (Hg) is an important environmental and occupational pollutant, its toxicological effects, especially in serum and red blood cells (RBCs), have been scarcely studied. A toxicometabolomics workflow based on high resolution mass spectrometry approaches has been applied to investigate the toxicological effects of Hg in Mus musculus mice after subcutaneous injection for 10 days, which produced inflammation and vacuolization, steatosis and karyolysis in the hepatic tissue. To this end, direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) of polar and lipophilic extracts from serum and RBCs, using positive and negative mode of acquisition (ESI+/ESI-), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used. A quantitative analysis of reversible oxidized thiols in serum proteins demonstrated a strong oxidative stress induction in the liver of Hg-exposed mice. Endogenous metabolites alterations were identified by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Mercury-exposed mice show perturbations in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane phospholipid breakdown and oxidative stress-related metabolites in serum along the exposure. This work reports for the first time the effects of Hg-exposure on RBCs metabolic pathways, and reveals disturbances in glycolysis, membrane turnover, glutathione and ascorbate metabolisms.
Authors	M A García-Sevillano, T García-Barrera, F Navarro, N Abril, C Pueyo, J López-Barea, J L Gómez-Ariza
Journal	Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci) Vol. 985 Pg. 75-84 (Mar 15 2015) ISSN: 1873-376X [Electronic] Netherlands
PMID	25660718 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Copyright	Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Chemical References	Mercury
Topics	Animals Erythrocytes (drug effects) Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (methods) Linear Models Liver (chemistry, drug effects, pathology) Mercury (toxicity) Metabolome (drug effects) Metabolomics (methods) Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Toxicity Tests

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