Abstract | BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of adrenal- cortisol insufficiency is often misleading in hospitalized patients, as clinical and biochemical features overlap with comorbidities. We analyzed clinical determinants associated with a biochemical diagnosis of adrenal- cortisol insufficiency in non-intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized patients. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study we reviewed 4668 inpatients with random morning cortisol levels ≤15 μg/dL hospitalized in our center between 2003 and 2010. Using serum cortisol threshold level of 18 μg/dL 30 or 60 minutes after Cortrosyn (250 μg; Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, Calif) injection to define biochemical adrenal- cortisol status, we characterized and compared insufficient (n = 108, serum cortisol ≤18 μg/dL) and sufficient (n = 394; serum cortisol >18 μg/dL) non-ICU hospitalized patients. RESULTS: Commonly reported clinical and routine biochemical adrenal- cortisol insufficiency features were similar between insufficient and sufficient inpatients. Biochemical adrenal- cortisol insufficiency was associated with increased frequency of liver disease, specifically hepatitis C (P = .01) and prior orthotopic liver transplantation (P <.001), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; P = .005), and reported pre-existing male hypogonadism (P <.001), as compared with the biochemical adrenal- cortisol sufficiency group. Forty percent of insufficient inpatients were not treated with glucocorticoids after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic analysis demonstrated that inpatients with higher cortisol levels (P = .0001) and higher diastolic blood pressure (P = .05), and females (P = .009) were more likely not to be treated, while those with previous short-term glucocorticoid treatment (P = .002), other coexisting endocrine diseases (P = .005), or who received an in-hospital endocrinology consultation (P <.0001), were more likely to be replaced with glucocorticoids. CONCLUSIONS: Commonly reported adrenal- cortisol insufficiency features do not reliably identify hospitalized patients biochemically confirmed to have this disorder. Comorbidities including hepatitis C, prior orthotopic liver transplantation, HIV, and reported pre-existing male hypogonadism may help identify hospitalized non-ICU patients for more rigorous adrenal insufficiency assessment.
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Authors | Anat Ben-Shlomo, James Mirocha, Stephanie M Gwin, Annika K Khine, Ning-Ai Liu, Renee C Sheinin, Shlomo Melmed |
Journal | The American journal of medicine
(Am J Med)
Vol. 127
Issue 8
Pg. 754-762
(Aug 2014)
ISSN: 1555-7162 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 24632056
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
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Topics |
- Adolescent
- Adrenal Insufficiency
(blood, diagnosis)
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Female
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone
(blood)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Retrospective Studies
- Young Adult
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