Evaluation of clinical hypothyroidism risk due to irradiation of thyroid and pituitary glands in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer patients.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Radiation-induced thyroid dysfunction after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has been reported. This study investigated the radiation effects of the thyroid and pituitary glands on thyroid function after radiotherapy for NPC.

METHODS:

Sixty-five NPC patients treated with radiotherapy were recruited. Baseline thyroid hormone levels comprising free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were taken before treatment and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. A seven-beam intensity-modulated radiotherapy plan was generated for each patient. Thyroid and pituitary gland dose volume histograms were generated, dividing the patients into four groups: high (>50 Gy) thyroid and pituitary doses (HTHP group); high thyroid and low pituitary doses (HTLP group); low thyroid and high pituitary doses; and low thyroid and pituitary doses. Incidence of hypothyroidism was analysed.

RESULTS:

Twenty-two (34%) and 17 patients (26%) received high mean thyroid and pituitary doses, respectively. At 18 months, 23.1% of patients manifested various types of hypothyroidism. The HTHP group showed the highest incidence (83.3%) of hypothyroidism, followed by the HTLP group (50%).

CONCLUSIONS:

NPC patients with high thyroid and pituitary gland doses carried the highest risk of abnormal thyroid physiology. The dose to the thyroid was more influential than the pituitary dose at 18 months after radiotherapy, and therefore more attention should be given to the thyroid gland in radiotherapy planning.

• Authors: Zhixiong Lin, Xiaoyan Wang, Wenjia Xie, Zhining Yang, Kaijun Che, Vincent W C Wu
• Journal: Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology (J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol) Vol. 57 Issue 6 Pg. 713-8 (Dec 2013) ISSN: 1754-9485 [Electronic] Australia
• PMID: 24283561 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2013 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Causality
• Comorbidity
• Female
• Hong Kong (epidemiology)
• Humans
• Hypothyroidism (epidemiology)
• Incidence
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms (epidemiology, radiotherapy)
• Pituitary Gland (radiation effects)
• Radiation Injuries (epidemiology)
• Radiotherapy, Conformal (statistics & numerical data)
• Risk Assessment
• Thyroid Gland (radiation effects)
• Treatment Outcome