Abstract | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To compare the effects of regular cigarettes (RCs) and light cigarettes (LCs) on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate-induced dilation (GTN), markers of endothelial dependant and independent function, respectively. METHODS: 206 subjects (age 51.5 ± 12.8 yr, 122 men) had their smoking habits recorded and FMD and GTN measured by B-mode ultrasound. Cigarettes were categorized as RCs or LCs according to their content of tar, nicotine and CO. The chronic effect was assessed in current smokers of RCs (n = 85) or LCs (n = 53) and in never smokers (NS; n = 68). The acute effect was assessed in current smokers by measuring FMD before and 10-min after smoking a single regular (n = 29) or light (n = 51) cigarette. RESULTS: FMD was significantly lower in consumers of RCs (6.26%, 95% C.I. 5.58, 6.94) or LCs (5.59%, 95% C.I. 4.74, 6.45) compared to NS (8.68%, 95% C.I. 7.92, 9.44) (both P < 0.0001), but did not differ (P > 0.05) when compared to each other. GTN was similar in the three groups. Analyses adjusted for clinical confounders and for markers involved in oxidative stress, arginine/ nitric oxide pathway, and inflammation provided identical results. Smoking a single cigarette, either regular or light, reduced FMD (-0.88% and -1.17%, respectively, both P < 0.05), without significant difference between cigarette type. RCs and LCs produced analogous chronic and acute effects when FMD was calculated with respect to the last 60 s of the low-flow phase (FMD60s). CONCLUSIONS: LCs impair endothelial-dependant vasodilation as much as RCs. Thus, smoking LCs cannot be considered an alternative to the only safe choice of a complete and permanent smoking cessation.
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Authors | M Amato, B Frigerio, S Castelnuovo, A Ravani, D Sansaro, E Tremoli, I Squellerio, V Cavalca, F Veglia, C R Sirtori, J P Werba, D Baldassarre |
Journal | Atherosclerosis
(Atherosclerosis)
Vol. 228
Issue 1
Pg. 153-60
(May 2013)
ISSN: 1879-1484 [Electronic] Ireland |
PMID | 23528831
(Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Nicotinic Agonists
- Nitric Oxide
- Nicotine
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Topics |
- Adult
- Brachial Artery
(diagnostic imaging, metabolism, physiology)
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular
(drug effects, metabolism, physiopathology)
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nicotine
(adverse effects)
- Nicotinic Agonists
(adverse effects)
- Nitric Oxide
(metabolism)
- Oxidative Stress
(physiology)
- Smoking
(adverse effects, metabolism, physiopathology)
- Tobacco Products
(adverse effects)
- Ultrasonography
- Vasculitis
(diagnostic imaging, metabolism, physiopathology)
- Vasodilation
(drug effects, physiology)
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