Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation in multibacillary leprosy.
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| Abstract |
Minocycline has been used in the treatment of leprosy since the demonstration of its efficacy in inhibiting Mycobacterium leprae growth in 1987. Hyperpigmentation, a well-documented adverse effect, classically shows 3 clinical and histological patterns: type I consists of blue-black pigmentation in areas of current or previous inflammation, type II consists of blue-gray pigmentation of normal skin, often seen on the legs, and type III consists of diffuse muddy-brown pigmentation accentuated on sun-exposed sites. Whereas type I hyperpigmentation stains positively for hemosiderin and type III hyperpigmentation stains positively for melanin, type II hyperpigmentation stains positively for both. We describe 2 patients with leprosy on minocycline therapy who developed multiple patches of blue-gray pigmentation within preexisting leprosy lesions. Biopsies from both patients demonstrated deposition of brownish-black pigment granules within the cytoplasm of foamy histiocytes that was highlighted by both Perls and Fontana-Masson stains. Given the clinical and histological findings in our patients, it is as yet unclear whether this coexistent type I clinical pattern and type II histopathologic pattern of pigmentation is unique to multibacillary leprosy. These findings provide support for the existence of additional subtypes of minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation that do not adhere to the classic 3-type model described.
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| Authors | Stephanie W Hu, Maria R Robinson, Tracey Newlove, Shane Meehan, William R Levis, Rishi R Patel |
| Journal | The American Journal of dermatopathology (Am J Dermatopathol) Vol. 34 Issue 8 Pg. e114-8 (Dec 2012) ISSN: 1533-0311 [Electronic] United States |
| PMID | 23169418 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article) |
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