Background. There is inconclusive evidence from cross-sectional and cohort studies that
arsenic exposure is a risk factor involved in the development of
hypertension. Methods. A database search, using several keywords, was conducted to identify relevant studies. Separate odds ratio estimates for
arsenic exposure with concentration only and
arsenic exposure with duration, including
biomarker, were extracted from studies that met all inclusion criteria. The extracted odds ratios (OR) comparing the highest exposure categories with the lowest in each study were pooled using the random effects methods of meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of odds ratios in the included studies were analyzed using I(2) statistics. Results. Eight studies were analyzed. Using the exposure as
arsenic concentration in the
drinking water, the OR estimate was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2-3.0), with the I(2) = 92%, while using the exposure as concentration and duration, the OR estimate was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.95-2.0) with the I(2) = 80%. Meta-regression was done and the quality of exposure measurement was found to be significantly associated with the effect measure. For a one unit increase in the score from exposure assessment, the odds ratio decreased by 6%. No publication bias was evident. The only major weaknesses of this study were heterogeneity across studies and small sample size. Conclusions. The study findings provide limited evidence for a relationship between
arsenic and
hypertension. In summary, the relationship between
arsenic exposure and
hypertension is still inconclusive and needs further validation through prospective cohort studies.