Community respiratory viruses are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with
leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Data on characteristics and outcomes of
parainfluenza virus (PIV)
infections in these patients are limited. We reviewed the records of patients with
leukemia and HSCT recipients who developed PIV
infections to determine the characteristics and outcomes of such
infections. We identified 200 patients with PIV
infections, including 80 (40%) patients with
leukemia and 120 (60%) recipients of HSCT. At presentation, most patients (70%) had an
upper respiratory tract infection and the remaining patients (30%) had
pneumonia.
Neutropenia, APACHE II score more than 15, and respiratory
coinfections were independent predictors of progression to
pneumonia on multivariate analysis. Overall mortality rate was 9% at 30 days after diagnosis and 17% among patients who had PIV
pneumonia, with no significant difference between patients with
leukemia and HSCT recipients (16% vs 17%). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of death were relapsed or refractory underlying
malignancy, APACHE II score more than 15, and high-dose
steroid use. Patients with
leukemia and HSCT are at risk for serious PIV
infections, including PIV
pneumonia, with a significant mortality rate. We identified multiple risk factors for progression to
pneumonia and death.