Abstract | OBJECTIVE: PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) received on a 3+3 trial design escalating doses of s.c. GM-CSF, IL-2 and IFN-α. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during the first 6-week cycle were used to determine the MTD. A phase II trial was then initiated to determine clinical activity. RESULTS: A total of sixty patients were enrolled in the study (phase I = 31; phase II = 29). Two DLTs were observed (G3 nausea/ vomiting and fatigue) and the MTD was determined to be GM-CSF 5.0 µg/kg/day, IL-2 9.0 mIU/m(2)/day and IFN-α 5.0 mU/m(2)/day. Patients received a median (range) of four (one to 11) cycles of therapy. G3 adverse events were reported in 10 of 31 (32%) patients. The overall response rate was 20% (one complete response and 11 partial responses), including patients who were rendered free of disease with surgery. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6.0 and 23.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:
Immunotherapy with concurrent s.c. GM-CSF, IL-2 and IFN-α is generally well tolerated. The overall response rate observed with this combination continues to show the efficacy of immunotherapy in a selected group of metastatic RCC patients.
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Authors | Jorge A Garcia, Tarek Mekhail, Paul Elson, Laura Wood, Ronald M Bukowski, Robert Dreicer, Brian I Rini |
Journal | BJU international
(BJU Int)
Vol. 109
Issue 1
Pg. 63-9
(Jan 2012)
ISSN: 1464-410X [Electronic] England |
PMID | 21244601
(Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Phase I, Clinical Trial, Phase II, Comparative Study, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial)
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Copyright | © 2010 THE AUTHORS. BJU INTERNATIONAL © 2010 BJU INTERNATIONAL. |
Chemical References |
- Immunologic Factors
- Interferon-alpha
- Interleukin-2
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell
(diagnosis, drug therapy, secondary)
- Disease-Free Survival
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
(administration & dosage)
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors
(administration & dosage)
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interferon-alpha
(administration & dosage)
- Interleukin-2
(administration & dosage)
- Kidney Neoplasms
(drug therapy, mortality, pathology)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Survival Rate
(trends)
- Treatment Outcome
- United States
(epidemiology)
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