The
aurora kinase family members, Aurora-A, -B, and -C (listed as
AURKA, AURKB and AURKC respectively in the HUGO Database), are
serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, and alterations in their expression are associated with malignant cell transformation and
genomic instability. Deregulation of the expression of the
aurora kinases has been shown to occur also in testicular
germ cell tumors (TGCTs) identifying them as putative anticancer therapeutic targets. We here evaluated the in vitro effects of
MK-0457, an
aurora kinases inhibitor, on cell proliferation, cell cycle, ploidy, apoptosis, and tumorigenicity on the TGCT-derived cell line NT2-D1. Treatment with
MK-0457 inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with IC(50)=17.2+/-3.3 nM.
MK-0457 did not affect the expression of the three
aurora kinases, but prevented their ability to phosphorylate substrates relevant to the mitotic progression. Time-lapse experiments demonstrated that MK-0457-treated cells entered mitosis but were unable to complete it, presenting after short time the typical features of apoptotic cells. Cytofluorimetric analysis confirmed that the treatment with
MK-0457 for 6 h induced NT2-D1 cells accumulation in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle and the subsequent appearance of sub-G(0) nuclei. The latter result was further supported by the detection of
caspase-3 activation following 24-h treatment with the inhibitor. Finally,
MK-0457 prevented the capability of the NT2-D1 cells to form colonies in soft
agar. In conclusion, the above findings demonstrate that inhibition of
aurora kinase activity is effective in reducing in vitro growth and tumorigenicity of NT2-D1 cells, and indicate its potential therapeutic value for TGCT treatment.