A new adjuvant
therapy, individual adjuvant
therapy (IAT), which is individualized according to the results of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR) for O6-methylguanine-DNA
methyltransferase (MGMT), was used to treat
malignant gliomas. Immediately after the operation,
mRNA expression for drug-resistance genes was investigated in frozen samples of
malignant gliomas from 55 patients (30
glioblastoma multiformes, 20
anaplastic astrocytomas and 5 anaplastic oligodendroglial
tumors) by real-time quantitative RT-PCR with specific primers for MGMT. Forty-two patients were treated with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidynyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (
ACNU)-based
chemotherapies since the relative quantitation value (RQV) of MGMT in real-time RT-PCR with
SYBR-Green I was <1.0 or the absolute value of MGMT
mRNA as measured by Taq Man probe methods normalized to the level of
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was <6.0x10(3) copies/microg
RNA. Thirteen patients, whose
tumors had an RQV of >1.0 or who had an absolute value of MGMT of >6.0x10(3) copies/microg
RNA, were treated by
platinum-based
chemotherapy using
cisplatin or
carboplatin. The response rate was 40.9% for
glioblastoma multiformes, 60.0% for
anaplastic astrocytomas and 80.0% for anaplastic oligodendroglial
tumors. The median survival period of 30 patients with
glioblastoma treated by IAT was 21.7 months. The 2-year survival rate of
glioblastoma patients treated by IAT was 70.9%. Our IAT, based on the results of real-time RT-PCR, may lead to a beneficial
glioma therapy.