Glioma (Gliomas)

Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)

Also Known As:

Networked: 21979 relevant articles (1197 outcomes, 4359 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Glioma (Gliomas)
3.	Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme)
4.	Brain Neoplasms (Brain Tumor)
5.	Astrocytoma (Pilocytic Astrocytoma)

Experts

1.	Weller, Michael: 129 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Zhang, Wei: 85 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Wick, Wolfgang: 82 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)
4.	Jiang, Tao: 79 articles (11/2015 - 09/2005)
5.	Bigner, Darell D: 75 articles (06/2015 - 01/2002)
6.	Friedman, Henry S: 69 articles (12/2014 - 04/2002)
7.	Pollack, Ian F: 67 articles (08/2015 - 02/2002)
8.	Rao, Jasti S: 61 articles (05/2014 - 01/2002)
9.	Yung, W K Alfred: 60 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
10.	Kang, Chunsheng: 58 articles (04/2015 - 07/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Glioma:

1.	temozolomide (Temodar)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "The efficacy of temozolomide was tested in vitro studies and has demonstrated schedule-dependent antitumor activity against highly resistant malignancies, including high-grade glioma (HGG). " 06/01/2013 - "Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent with proven efficacy in recurrent high-grade glioma. " 07/01/2009 - "On the other hand, temozolomide (TMZ), an oral bioavailable alkylating agent with excellent tolerability, has demonstrated efficacy and has become a key therapeutic agent in patients with malignant gliomas; however, its survival benefit remains unsatisfactory. " 07/21/2003 - "Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent with a good safety profile and proven efficacy in the treatment of malignant glioma. " 10/01/2000 - "Temozolomide is a novel methylating agent with proven efficacy against malignant gliomas (MGs) after systemic administration but with dose-limiting myelotoxicity. "
2.	bevacizumabFDA Link 05/01/2014 - "Early Phase II clinical trials using bevacizumab in both newly diagnosed and recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG) showed promising results, but these have not been confirmed in recent Phase III trials. " 08/01/2012 - "Phase II clinical trials using bevacizumab in both newly diagnosed and recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG) showed promising results. " 05/01/2013 - "Bevacizumab is a novel treatment for the recurrent high-grade gliomas (rHGG). " 03/01/2013 - "Concurrent bevacizumab with hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (HSRT) is safe and effective for the treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG). " 04/01/2012 - "However, to date, there is no biomarker predictive for efficacy of bevacizumab therapy in terms of survival improvement for patients with high-grade glioma. "
3.	Carmustine (FIVB)FDA Link 06/15/1993 - "In freshly resected untreated human gliomas, BCNU is most effective against hyperdiploid cells that have extensive ploidy changes and chromosome rearrangement, whereas resistance to carmustine is characteristic of near-diploid populations with few ploidy changes and rearranged chromosomes. " 10/01/2010 - "Randomized phase III trials have shown significant improvement of survival 1, 2, and 3 years after implantation of 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) wafers for patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma. " 10/01/2010 - "Combining these techniques significantly improved the delivery of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea to rodent gliomas. " 01/15/1998 - "Treatment with radiation, IFN-a, and BCNU is feasible and effective in patients with high-grade gliomas, although constitutional symptoms from IFN-a are substantial." 09/01/1984 - "Because of the rapid systemic clearance of BCNU (1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea), intra-arterial administration should provide a substantial advantage over intravenous administration for the treatment of malignant gliomas. "
4.	irinotecan (Camptosar)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2011 - "These results demonstrate that intratumorally administered CPT-11 can be effectively converted to SN-38 and this method of drug delivery is effective in extending the survival time of animals bearing malignant gliomas." 09/01/2010 - "Irinotecan (CPT-11) has shown emerging promise in the treatment of malignant gliomas. " 01/01/2004 - "A phase 2 study of patients with recurrent malignant glioma is ongoing to assess the efficacy of CPT-11 when the dose is stratified according to the use of EIAEDs." 05/01/2003 - "Two studies were performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of irinotecan (CPT-11) in the treatment of adults with malignant glioma. " 04/01/2002 - "This phase II study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of irinotecan (CPT-11) in the treatment of adults with malignant glioma. "
5.	Carboplatin (JM8)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2009 - "infusion of carboplatin by means of ALZET pumps in combination with X-irradiation is highly effective for the treatment of the F98 glioma. " 09/01/2007 - "The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of intracerebral (i.c.) administration of carboplatin by means of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in combination with fractionated, external beam photon irradiation for the treatment of F98 glioma-bearing rats. " 07/01/2002 - "Carboplatin, in the schedule used in this study, produced disease stabilization or improvement in a majority of children with progressive low-grade glioma, with manageable toxicity. " 02/01/2009 - "Efficacy of intracerebral delivery of Carboplatin in combination with photon irradiation for treatment of F98 glioma-bearing rats." 06/01/2015 - "Results of in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity studies revealed that carboplatin in the form of PCL-nanoparticles were efficiently up taken and displayed profound cytotoxicity to U-87 MG (human glioma) cells than the free drug. "
6.	AntigensIBA 12/01/2004 - "We tested the efficacy of a potent differentiation and proliferation factor for the professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), i.e., Flt3L, for its potential role as a novel therapy for gliomas. " 05/01/2005 - "Sheep erythrocyte (SRBC), a corpuscular antigen showed a better therapeutic efficacy in terms of enhanced survival and augmentation of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in a glioma model developed by chemical carcinogen ethyl nitrosourea. " 11/01/2004 - "To compare the efficacy of various immunotherapeutic strategies of loading dendritic cells (DCs) with whole-glioma cell antigens and characterize the effector responses induced. " 04/01/2014 - "In this study, we identified a gene termed URGCP using the serological identification of antigens by recombinant A2B5 positive glioma cDNA library. " 04/01/2011 - "Few studies have examined the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms and adult glioma, particularly at class II loci. "
7.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 03/01/2010 - "The immunohistochemical study of expression of VEGF, EGFR, TGFbeta2, TGFbeta3, PDGF and p53 in all low-grade (Grade II) brain gliomas at the first operation may help to differentiate cases with slower evolution and longer survival from those with higher potential of anaplastic transformation." 06/01/2000 - "The results also indicate that inhibiting bFGF and VEGF expression and/or blocking their effects could be a very useful therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas." 07/15/2010 - "Here, we used an orthotopic glioma model to test the hypothesis that Ang-2 is an additional target for improving the efficacy of current anti-VEGF therapies in glioma patients. " 01/01/2015 - "This study suggests that VEGF expression is significantly correlated with the glioma progression and may be a valuable prognostic factor on OS for the glioma patients." 01/01/2015 - "Accumulated studies have revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an essential role in the progression of glioma, but the prognostic significance of VEGF expression for patients with glioma remains unknown. "
8.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 03/01/2012 - "PDT in high grade glioma was statistically significant therapeutic modality and its effects were further improved by IORT." 09/01/2014 - "PDT using ZnPcS4-BSA may be effective for the therapy of gliomas." 11/01/2006 - "Taken together, PDT could be useful in the treatment of gliomas but the choice of photosensitisers must be taken into consideration." 09/01/2014 - "Several experimental and clinical studies have then established ALA-PDT as a valuable adjuvant therapy in the management of malignant gliomas. " 05/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Ca(2+) and K(+) homeostasis of C6 glioma cells were affected by PDT. "
9.	Phosphotransferases (Kinase)IBA 10/14/2011 - "The results of this study may help devise a new therapeutic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of TRAIL against malignant glioma by targeting eEF-2 kinase." 07/15/2015 - "We analyzed frequency and molecular features of FGFR-TACC fusions and explored the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting FGFR kinase in GBM and grade II and III glioma. " 01/01/2014 - "The attenuation of PI3-kinase/AKT signaling will be effective in regulating the tumorigenic phenotypes of the glioma cells. " 03/22/2007 - "However, the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors alone in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas is only modest, potentially because these agents rather than acting as mTOR kinase inhibitors instead interfere with the function of only mTOR/raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) complex and thus do not perturb all mTOR functions. " 05/15/2015 - "Despite its prevalence and growth-promoting functions, therapeutic strategies to inhibit EGFR kinase activity have not been translated into profound beneficial effects in glioma clinical trials. "
10.	Liposomes (Liposome)IBA 07/01/2013 - "The dual-targeting Dox liposome could improve the therapeutic efficacy of brain glioma and were less toxic than the Dox solution, showing a dual-targeting effect. " 11/28/2011 - "The TAT-modified liposome may improve the therapeutic efficacy on brain glioma in vitro and in vivo." 07/01/2013 - "In vivo studies demonstrated that the dual-targeting Dox liposomes could transport across the BBB and mainly distribute in the brain glioma. " 01/01/2012 - "This study indicates preferential targeting and long circulating properties for cRGD-modified liposomes in vivo, which could be used as a potential targeted liposomal drug delivery system to treat human glioma." 08/01/2011 - "In the present study, human glioma cell line U251 was transfected with plasmids containing U6 promoter-driven shRNAs (small-hairpin RNAs) against human FAK using cationic liposome. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 12/01/2003 - "Additional randomized, controlled trials are needed to fully define the best option for first-line chemotherapy in both the adjuvant and recurrent settings in patients with high-grade malignant glioma." 02/01/2012 - "As the most fatal malignancy in brain, glioma cannot be effectively treated with the conventional chemotherapy and thus techniques which may improve the chemotherapeutic effect are of great importance in clinical glioma treatment. " 05/01/2011 - "Malignant gliomas infiltrate extensively through the white matter, making them difficult to treat, and chemotherapy is at best partially effective. " 03/01/2010 - "Despite the improvement in current treatments for gliomas, including surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, there has been very little progress in curing this kind of disease. " 11/01/2004 - "Convection enhanced delivery, conditionally replicating oncolytic viruses and motile, genetically engineered neural stem cells all seem to fulfill the distribution requirements which an effective therapeutic for gliomas will need to overcome the very limited efficacy which surgery, conventional chemotherapy and radiation have to offer. "
2.	Radiotherapy 05/01/2011 - "These preclinical data convincingly demonstrated that [(131)I]IPA plus external beam photon radiotherapy is a safe and highly effective treatment for experimental gliomas, which may merit a clinical trial to ascertain its potential as a therapeutic approach in patients. " 01/01/2010 - "We investigated the safety and efficacy of utilizing highly conformal and precise CyberKnife radiotherapy to enhance conventional radiotherapy in the treatment of high grade glioma. " 12/01/2009 - "These data convincingly demonstrated that systemic radionuclide therapy with (131)I-IPA combined with external photon radiotherapy is a safe and highly effective treatment for experimental gliomas, which may merit a clinical trial to ascertain its potential in patients with gliomas. " 01/01/1996 - "Radiotherapy alone usually provides a clear but temporary improvement in patients with highly malignant glioma, hence it clearly has a palliative benefit. " 01/01/1996 - "The clinical effects of radiotherapy for highly malignant glioma are improved only marginally by altering factors such as absorbed dose, fractionation, irradiated tissue volume, radiation quality, or by adding radiosensitizing substances. "
3.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation) 09/01/2013 - "In conclusion, DmAb14m-IT showed specific binding affinity, a significantly high internalization rate, and selective cytotoxicity on glioma cell lines and xenograft-derived cells expressing 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1, thereby displaying robust therapeutic potential for testing the antitumor efficacy of DmAb14m-IT at the preclinical level and eventually in the clinical setting. " 05/15/1988 - "In conclusion, intracranial human glioma xenografts were treated successfully with 131I-labeled 81C6 but not control Mab." 12/01/2013 - "Multivoxel ¹H MR spectroscopy is superior to contrast-enhanced MRI for response assessment after anti-angiogenic treatment of orthotopic human glioma xenografts and provides handles for metabolic targeting." 05/01/2012 - "Here, we have adapted standard xenograft techniques to study glioma growth in the mouse brainstem, and have utilized the mouse model for studying a relevant therapeutic for treating DIPGs. " 07/03/2013 - "Antiglioma activity of OV-loaded HB1.F3.CD cells was effective against clinically relevant human-derived glioma models as well as a glioma stem cell-enriched xenograft model. "
4.	Immunotherapy 05/01/2010 - "Immunotherapy targeting the Wilms' tumour 1 gene product has been proven safe and effective for treating malignant glioma in a phase II clinical study. " 01/01/2009 - "Although the CNS is often considered to be an immunologically privileged site and poses unique challenges for the delivery of effector cells and molecules, recent advances in technology and discoveries in CNS immunology suggest novel mechanisms that may significantly improve the efficacy of immunotherapy against gliomas. " 09/20/2004 - "In an experimental mouse intracranial glioma (GL261), which cannot be cured by either IFN-beta gene therapy or DC immunotherapy alone, IFN-beta gene therapy following DC immunotherapy resulted in a significant prolongation in survival of the mice. " 12/15/2000 - "These results suggest that the improved affinity of MR1-1 can significantly impact in vivo glioma-specific targeting and immunotherapy." 01/01/2005 - "Immunotherapy, and vaccine therapy in particular, represents a promising experimental approach to treat malignant gliomas, but major challenges still remain to render vaccination clinically effective. "
5.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 12/01/2011 - "Antitumor efficacy of a photodynamic therapy-generated dendritic cell glioma vaccine." 09/01/1992 - "Improved survival from intracavitary photodynamic therapy of rat glioma." 01/15/2001 - "Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of photodynamic therapy for high-grade gliomas using a novel boronated porphyrin." 05/01/1993 - "Photodynamic therapy has been extensively investigated in laboratory studies in the treatment of cerebral tumours and has been utilised in clinical trials to treat a variety of tumours including cerebral glioma. " 12/01/2015 - "Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of glioma."