Abstract | BACKGROUND: METHODS: We studied whether this is the case for women. The risk factors of esophageal SCC were examined in 52 Japanese women with esophageal SCC and 412 cancer-free Japanese women. RESULTS: The increasing trend in cancer risk according to the quantity of alcohol consumption was significantly steeper in women with inactive heterozygous ALDH2 than in those with active ALDH2 [adjusted odds ratios ( ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) per +7 U/wk increment of alcohol drinking were 3.91 (2.09-7.31) and 1.39 (0.92-2.09), respectively; p = 0.006 for difference in OR; 1 Ut = 22 g of ethanol]. The results obtained using an alcohol- flushing questionnaire were essentially comparable with those obtained by ALDH2 genotyping [adjusted ORs (95% CIs) per +7 U/wk increment of alcohol drinking were 3.94 (1.87-8.31) and 1.46 (0.96-2.23) in those with and without flushing, respectively; p = 0.021 for difference in OR]. The risk of esophageal cancer was markedly higher in heavy drinkers with ALDH2*1/*2 than in never/rare drinkers with ALDH2*1/*1 [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 59.1 (4.65-750)]. Other independent significant risk factors of esophageal SCC were smoking, a preference for hot food or drinks, and lower intake of green and yellow vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: Japanese men and women shared several common risk factors of esophageal SCC, including drinking with inactive heterozygous ALDH2.
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Authors | Akira Yokoyama, Hoichi Kato, Tetsuji Yokoyama, Hiroyasu Igaki, Toshimasa Tsujinaka, Manabu Muto, Tai Omori, Yoshiya Kumagai, Masako Yokoyama, Hiroshi Watanabe |
Journal | Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
(Alcohol Clin Exp Res)
Vol. 30
Issue 3
Pg. 491-500
(Mar 2006)
ISSN: 0145-6008 [Print] England |
PMID | 16499490
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Isoenzymes
- Ethanol
- DNA
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
- ALDH2 protein, human
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
- ALDH1A1 protein, human
- Retinal Dehydrogenase
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Alcohol Drinking
(epidemiology)
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
(genetics)
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
(enzymology, epidemiology, genetics)
- Case-Control Studies
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- DNA
(genetics)
- Diet
- Esophageal Neoplasms
(enzymology, epidemiology, genetics)
- Ethanol
- Female
- Flushing
(chemically induced)
- Gene Frequency
- Humans
- Isoenzymes
(genetics)
- Japan
(epidemiology)
- Lymphocytes
(metabolism)
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Retinal Dehydrogenase
- Smoking
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