The data were collected by a questionnaire sent to departments of anesthesiology in Germany in 1997 which provided care for neurosurgical patients on a routine basis, and which were registered members of the German Society of Anesthesiology and
Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI). Since the questions concerning "neuroprotective
therapy" were linked to a general survey on clinical
neuroanesthesia performed by the scientific
neuroanesthesia working group of the DGAI, the only departments that were assessed were those which had participated in an earlier study on
neuroanesthesia in 1991.
RESULTS: Of the completed questionnaires 63% could be included in the analysis. Approximately 75,000 cases were thus evaluated.
Therapy varied considerably between departments. Following
head trauma 69% of injured patients were managed with enhanced cerebral perfusion pressure (
CPP) within the range of 70-90 mmHg. If necessary,
CPP increase was induced by vasopressors (exogenous supply of
catecholamines in 100% of instances) and the administration of fluids (97% of instances). The most commonly used therapeutic approaches to treat
intracranial hypertension were
mannitol (95% of instances),
hyperventilation (91% of instances),
cerebrospinal fluid drainage (89% of instances), and
barbiturates (86% of instances).
Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane was administered in almost 49%, mild
hypothermia in 37%, and hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions in 28% of patients treated for an increase in intracranial pressure. Following
intracranial aneurysm surgery "triple-H"
therapy was used in 74% of patients, applied as
hemodilution in 94% and as hypervolemia and
hypertension in 87% of instances. Mild
hypothermia was employed as a method of neuroprotection in 54% of the departments involved. It was used in 83% of patients during
perioperative care and in 52% of patients during
intensive care therapy. Specific
neuroprotective drugs were applied in 68% of departments, with
barbiturates (38% of instances),
nimodipine (23% of instances), and
corticosteroids (10% of instances) as the main agents named. These brain-protective medications were administered especially in
intracranial hypertension in 30%, in
intracranial aneurysms in 21%, and in
subarachnoid hemorrhages subsequent to
head trauma in 18% of instances described.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective
therapy administered in anesthesiological departments in Germany is not yet standardized, i.e., there is a wide variation. Although outcome was not assessed with this survey, it is conceivable that algorithms based on logical approaches in the sense of evidence-based medicine could serve as tools to reduce morbidity and mortality.