Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)

An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)

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Networked: 3916 relevant articles (204 outcomes, 255 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Newton, Charles R J C: 4 articles (08/2006 - 12/2002)
2.	Duke, Trevor: 4 articles (02/2005 - 02/2002)
3.	Mudjahid, Mukarram: 3 articles (04/2023 - 12/2022)
4.	Chakraborty, Kajal: 3 articles (02/2022 - 08/2020)
5.	Nitzan, Orna: 3 articles (01/2021 - 06/2010)
6.	Meaney-Delman, Dana: 3 articles (01/2020 - 10/2013)
7.	Day, Nicholas P J: 3 articles (01/2019 - 10/2005)
8.	Newton, Paul N: 3 articles (01/2019 - 06/2005)
9.	Bishayi, Biswadev: 3 articles (02/2018 - 08/2011)
10.	Govendir, M: 3 articles (02/2018 - 04/2012)

Related Diseases

1.	Typhoid Fever (Typhoid) 01/01/1993 - "Hence chloramphenicol still remains the drug of first choice in enteric fever as a majority (68.4%--26 out of 38) of our bacteriologically proven enteric fever patients were cured by the drug. " 01/01/1982 - "Chloramphenicol is still very effective for acute enteric fever. " 03/01/1992 - "Plasma trough and peak chloramphenicol concentrations were measured by HPLC analysis after 42 hrs. The 50 mg/kg/day dosage schedule was terminated midway through the study, as blood levels were consistently low and two patients with typhoid relapsed, children with typhoid had significantly lower clearance of CS in comparison with those with non-typhoidal illness (0.29 +/- 0.1 versus 0.5 +/- 0.37 1/kg/hr, P 0.05). " 12/01/1995 - "Chloramphenicol has remained clinically an effective treatment for enteric fever, despite the high prevalence of in vitro resistance, and should remain the drug of choice. " 04/01/2004 - "Chloramphenicol is still effective for typhoid fever. "
2.	Infections 05/15/1999 - "Chloramphenicol applied topically appears to be an effective treatment against clostridial corneal infections in horses." 04/01/1980 - "All patients recovered from their infection and no side effects from chloramphenicol were encountered. " 04/15/2023 - "Validation of spectrophotometric method to quantify chloramphenicol in fluid and rat skin tissue mimicking infection environment: Application to in vitro release and ex vivo dermatokinetic studies from dissolving microneedle loaded microparticle sensitive bacteria." 03/10/2006 - "In this study, we evaluated the resistance of IEM108 against CTXPhi infection by using a CTXPhi marked for chloramphenicol (CAF) resistance and an in vivo model. " 04/01/1975 - "From these studies it is concluded that the biological half life of chloramphenicol may be too short for therapeutic application against systemic infections in horses."
3.	Meningitis 02/05/1983 - "The efficacy of chloramphenicol in the treatment of 21 neonates and 9 infants with proven meningitis and 37 neonates and 3 infants with suspected meningitis was evaluated from mortality and morbidity data, and by assay of the drug in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. " 02/05/1983 - "Efficacy of chloramphenicol in the treatment of neonatal and infantile meningitis: a study of 70 cases." 08/18/1973 - "Trial of chloramphenicol for meningitis in northern savanna of Africa." 10/01/1952 - "Studies on the absorption of chloramphenicol in normal children in relation to the treatment of meningitis." 10/01/2017 - "During the 2001 meningitis epidemic in south Chad, Moyen Chari sanitary district peripheral health centres were equipped with oily chloramphenicol (CAP) to administer before hospital referral in suspected cases of meningitis. "
4.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 01/01/1974 - "[Comparative effects of chlorocide and levomycetin in aggravation of chronic pneumonia]." 07/15/1962 - "[On chloramphenicol treatment of pneumonia]." 08/01/1951 - "Friedländer's pneumonia: report of two cases treated with chloromycetin." 01/01/1951 - "[Treatment of grave pneumonia in child with chloromycetin]." 06/17/1950 - "Atypical pneumonia in a chimpanzee treated with chloromycetin."
5.	Fever (Fevers) 03/03/1979 - "Only three patients became afebrile within three days; four continued unimproved with fever and toxaemia for seven to nine days, when treatment was changed to chloramphenicol with good results. " 06/01/1985 - "During treatment with chloramphenicol, this group of patients showed daily improvement with a drop in both fever and stool output. " 09/01/2009 - "Chloramphenicol has a wide antimicrobial spectrum and excellent tissue penetration; though it is sometimes used empirically in the hospital setting for the treatment of patients with unknown source of fever, its role is still a matter of controversy. " 04/01/2007 - "The article also discusses the other adverse effect profile of chloramphenicol compared with anticancer drugs and its potential benefit in leukaemia and in neutropenic fever." 03/25/1994 - "On treatment with chloramphenicol (1 g three times daily i.v.) the fever subsided within 5 days. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Ampicillin (Omnipen)
2.	Penicillins (Penicillin)
3.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)
4.	Ceftriaxone (Ceftriaxon)
5.	Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination Trimethoprim (Co-Trimoxazole)
6.	Tetracycline (Achromycin)
7.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)
8.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
9.	Clindamycin (Cleocin)
10.	Trimethoprim (Proloprim)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Intramuscular Injections
3.	Injections
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)