Infection

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225242 relevant articles (14726 outcomes, 19988 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.

Also Known As:

Infections

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Human Influenza (Influenza)
4.	Hepatitis B
5.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)

Experts

1.	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): 24 articles (04/2007 - 01/2000)
2.	Singh, Nina: 21 articles (10/2008 - 01/2002)
3.	Scalise, Giorgio: 18 articles (07/2008 - 09/2002)
4.	Corey, Lawrence: 18 articles (09/2007 - 02/2002)
5.	Boeckh, Michael: 18 articles (09/2007 - 02/2002)
6.	Kohno, Shigeru: 17 articles (01/2008 - 10/2002)
7.	Gazzinelli, Ricardo T: 17 articles (07/2007 - 02/2002)
8.	Cirioni, Oscar: 16 articles (07/2008 - 09/2002)
9.	Giacometti, Andrea: 16 articles (07/2008 - 09/2002)
10.	Walsh, Thomas J: 16 articles (06/2008 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Infection:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 11/01/1999 - "OBJECTIVES: taking into account the small amount of infection eradication treatments carried out in our country and some characteristics arising from the resistances to some antibiotics, the Spanish Club for the Study of Helicobacter pylori decided to organize a Spanish Consensus Conference to clarify the use of the different infection diagnostic tests, to establish the exact indications of its diagnosis and treatment, to recommend the best treatment guidelines for our country and to promote the use of eradication treatments in adequate indications. " 04/01/2006 - "Cultures of aspirated joint fluid can be especially helpful for patients who have symptoms suggestive of infection, but their results are best interpreted two weeks after administration of antibiotics has been discontinued. " 03/30/2006 - "However, the rapid onset of resistance to most antibacterial drugs diminishes their effectiveness considerably and necessitates a constant supply of new antibiotics for effective treatment of infections. " 08/01/2003 - "Some general principles can be helpful for the selection of initial treatment: knowledge of most frequently identified responsible pathogens and their susceptibility patterns in the unit; prior duration of hospitalisation; previously prescribed antibiotics; information obtained by direct examination of pulmonary secretions; antibacterial activity and pharmacodynamic characteristics of antibiotics that could be used to treat this infection. " 07/01/2003 - "The best treatment for infections caused by bacteria that overproduce efflux pumps is unknown, but pharmacodynamic optimization of antibiotics and the use of antibiotic combinations that are substrates for different pump systems may represent reasonable strategies until more data are available." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	AntigensIBA 04/01/2009 - "In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of immunizing mice with caseinolytic protease (ClpP) protein antigen whose gene sequences were shown to be highly conserved in different strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in an invasive-disease model (intraperitoneal infection model), and protection against invasive challenge with 12 different serotypes of S. " 08/01/1998 - "b) Immunological study: detection of circulating antigen on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day p.i. The results showed that IL-2 was most effective when administered before and after infection in the form of significant reduction in parasitic count, least number of living tachyzoites, significant reduction in the death rate of infected mice and delayed appearance of circulating antigen with reduction in its level." 12/01/1992 - "Direct detection of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) provides the most rapid diagnostic test for RS infection, but more sensitive methods might be more beneficial in the study of virus shedding. " 12/31/2008 - "These results suggest that administration of replication-incompetent adenoviruses can induce different types of immunity depending on the expressed antigen and that recombinant adenoviruses expressing gB induced the most potent Th1-biased humoral and cellular immunity and provided effective protection against PrV infection." 07/01/2008 - "Helped memory CD8+ T cells rapidly expand in response to a secondary antigen exposure, even in the absence of T cell help and, are most efficient in protection against a re-infection. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2008 - "Immunogenicity evaluations in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trials have relied on serological samples, yet cervical antibodies are likely to be most relevant for protection against infection. " 07/01/2009 - "However, the efficacy of Ad5 vectors has been limited in humans because exposure to Ad5 infections results in most adults having neutralizing antibodies against Ad5. " 03/01/2008 - "infantum seropositivity is most probably the expression of recent infection because the clearance of serum antibodies is rather fast (6-12 months) after VL. " 11/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: Most women have antibodies to HSV-1, which is partially protective against HSV-2 infection. " 08/01/2002 - "Antibodies highly effective in SCID mice during infection by the intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis are of picomolar affinity and exhibit preferential epitope and isotype utilization." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	VaccinesIBA 09/01/2006 - "Preventive vaccines against HPVs 16 and 18 have been developed, and in phase III clinical trials they have demonstrated 100% efficacy for prevention of persistent infection and high risk cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasias positive for these HPV types, suggesting that these vaccines, if made widely available, will dramatically reduce the burden of CC." 02/01/2004 - "CONCLUSION: With the use of a virtually identical study design, vaccines against Hib were shown to be highly effective in preventing invasive Hib infections but were not effective in preventing invasive infections due to S. " 10/01/2009 - "Growing RSV stocks in Vero cells could dramatically reduce the initial infection of the respiratory tract in animal models or in volunteers receiving attenuated virus vaccines, thereby reducing the efficiency of infection or the efficacy of the vaccine." 11/01/2008 - "Both vaccines have an excellent safety profile, are highly immunogenic, and have atributed complete type specific protection against persistent infection and associated lesions in fully vaccinated girls and young women. " 06/06/2008 - "Here, we use mathematical modelling to show that, while most TB patients can be cured with present drug regimens, the 2050 target is far more likely to be achieved with a combination of diagnostics, drugs and vaccines that can detect and treat both latent infection and active disease. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 10/01/2003 - "New tools of coproantigen and copro-DNA detection for vulpine infections have proved highly beneficial in epidemiological and transmission ecology studies, as has a landscape ecology approach to develop risk models for communities in endemic areas. " 05/16/2003 - "In this study we evaluated the efficacy of DNA vaccination of IFN-gamma knockout (GKO) mice against Listeria monocytogenes, as these immunodeficient mice are highly susceptible to infection with low numbers of this intracellular bacterial pathogen. " 05/22/2000 - "These studies demonstrate that immunization with DNA encoding a type-specific gene may not be effective against either homologous or heterologous strains of virus, particularly if the challenge virus causes a highly lethal infection. " 01/26/2004 - "Sub-fragments of the envelope gene are highly protective against the Japanese encephalitis virus lethal infection in DNA priming--protein boosting immunization strategies." 03/01/2002 - "Three immunizations with either pp89, M84, or pp89 plus M84 DNA also provided significant protection against MCMV infection for at least 6 months, with the best protection produced by coimmunization. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	InterferonsIBA 10/01/1998 - "In the context of viral infections, interferons alpha and beta (IFN-alpha/beta) are induced to high levels, and help to mediate and regulate immune responses most effective against this class of agents. " 01/01/1996 - "Here, treatment of the HCV infection with interferon may led to striking remission in associated vascular lesions. " 04/01/1990 - "Lymphoblastoid or recombinant alpha-interferons are the best option at present and offer up to a 50% chance of long-term inhibition of HBV replication (with only minor side-effects) in patients who acquire the infection in adulthood. " 10/01/2002 - "The host interferon (IFN) system plays an important role in protection against microbial infections. " 12/01/2000 - "Epidemiologic, animal, and in vitro models suggest an important role for interferon (IFN)-gamma in the clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 03/01/1990 - "Protection against infection correlated with rotavirus antibody, most significantly (P = .005) serum rotavirus IgG. In this study, 20 previously challenged subjects were reinoculated with the same virus 9-12 months after their initial challenge. " 01/23/2006 - "The B cell-deficient mice displayed impaired T cell priming and dramatically reduced IFN-gamma production, and these deficits were normalized by infection with IgG-opsonized parasites. " 01/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: In pregnant women, measurement of the IgG avidity may help to date a HCMV infection, an AI > 65% highly suggests a past infection while an AI < 50% corresponds to a recent primary infection." 08/01/1990 - "High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is highly effective in PRCA associated with parvovirus B19 infections and impaired IgG-antibody response. " 01/01/2007 - "This review highlights findings from international studies and demonstrates that: (i) SCIG therapy is safe, with very few adverse effects; (ii) the therapy can be used for patients with previous adverse effects to intravenous administration of IgG; (iii) the therapy leads to high serum IgG levels and good protection against infections; (iv) the therapy facilitates home therapy, as the infusion technique is easy for children, adults and elderly people to learn and there is no need for venous access; (v) SCIG home therapy leads to significantly improved life situations for the patients; (vi) the SCIG home therapy regimen in particular reduces the costs of treatment." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 12/16/2004 - "Our patient was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin, which is effective against Francisella tularensis and most pathogens associated with feline infections. " 02/01/1994 - "Ciprofloxacin is an effective treatment for those infections most common in elderly patients, including infections of the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, skin and soft-tissues, and bone and joints, and is an effective agent for prophylaxis in transurethral surgery. " 11/01/1992 - "Overall, the results show that ciprofloxacin is effective in killing methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and is most effective when applied during the very early stages of infection." 12/01/1989 - "It is concluded that a single 250 mg dose of ciprofloxacin is effective for treatment in most women with acute UTI, but in women with recurrent infection a 750 mg dose is preferable." 01/01/1987 - "Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated and effective in most of the ambulatory patients with refractory Gram-negative bacillary infection. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2004 - "Encapsulated amphotericin was highly effective against infection causing a reduction of 88.8% and 87.2% in the early stage of infection (day 32 p.i.) and of 66.7% and 54% in a later stage of infection (day 135 p.i.) in liver and spleen parasite load respectively, compared with untreated animals, whereas free amphotericin was inactive. " 11/01/1989 - "Amphotericin B is the most effective agent for the majority of systemic fungal infections but often causes toxicity, and specific dosage guidelines for amphotericin B in pediatric patients are lacking. " 01/01/1982 - "The most commonly involved joint has been the knee; in such cases, amphotericin B has been effective in controlling the infection. " 09/01/1996 - "The results suggest that the combined use of oral, nebulized and i.v. amphotericin B is very effective in preventing invasive fungal infections in high risk patients." 01/01/1992 - "Recovery from fungal infection in this group of patients occurred when there was complete remission of underlying disease and recovery of neutrophil counts, when concurrently treated by liposomal amphotericin." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Vancomycin FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2008 - "From a laboratory perspective, retrieval of serum both pre- and post-administration of vancomycin is most helpful in determining a patient's drug-immunization status and can help guide safe drug use during future infections." 12/01/1996 - "Vancomycin is effective and safe in the treatment of serious infections in extremely low birthweight infants." 02/01/1995 - "It is as effective as vancomycin for most indications, is safe, easy to administer and an important agent for treating Gram-positive infections. " 05/01/1991 - "Vancomycin was found to be highly effective in preventing gram-positive infections that occurred in 11 of 30 patients in the control group versus zero of 30 in the vancomycin group (P less than .002). " 01/01/1988 - "Vancomycin was highly effective in treatment, a finding compatible with experience treating other severe MRSA infections." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/01/2001 - "The D-/R- group had the best outcomes, with no CMV infection, improved kidney graft survival at the end of follow-up (82% vs. 72%, P=0.04) and the highest event-free survival (no CMV infection, rejection, or graft loss) when compared to the other groups (76% vs. 33%, P<0.01). " 06/01/1999 - "CONCLUSION: Our method of extensive disinfection followed by tissue flap coverage of the graft proved to be highly effective in controlling the serious complication of graft infection associated with surgery of the thoracic aorta." 01/01/1998 - "Extra-anatomic bypass remains the best treatment for prosthetic graft infection. " 01/01/1998 - "Debate continues over which procedure is the best treatment for prosthetic graft infections. " 07/01/1991 - "Leukocyte-depleted platelets plus CMV-seronegative red blood cells are highly effective in preventing primary CMV infection after marrow transplant." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/2001 - "Secondary HLH most commonly results from viral infections and some patients may be cured by treating the causative organism, others will need chemotherapy and immunosuppression. " 12/01/1998 - "Until community sanitation can be improved, community treatment by chemotherapy and improvements in personal hygiene through health education remain the most affordable, effective strategies for controlling helminth infections in Egypt. " 10/01/1997 - "CONCLUSION: An accelerated decline in the annual risk of infection in England and Wales from 1950 probably resulted from the introduction of chemotherapy, which dramatically reduced the prevalence of sources of infection in the population. " 02/01/1990 - "The 10-14 year age group had the highest transmission potential, in terms of prevalence (overall 25%), intensity of infection, and absolute numbers of infected individuals, suggesting that screening and chemotherapy would be most cost-effective in that age group." 08/01/1986 - "During periods of remission, most patients with AML remain free of infection except when they become granulocytopenic again during intensification or consolidation chemotherapy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/1998 - "Infections were the most frequent cause of death in this study population, suggesting that improvement in the prevention and treatment of infections is an important way to improve survival of liver transplant recipients." 07/01/2006 - "New immunosuppressive protocols and advanced surgical technique resulted in an improved outcome of pancreatic transplantation (PTx) with infection remaining the most common complication. " 05/01/2006 - "Simultaneous virological and immunological follow-up is the best approach to efficient monitoring of HCMV infections in transplant recipients. " 09/01/1994 - "The drug is most effective when given prophylactically or as early treatment for asymptomatic infection in bone marrow transplant recipients; treatment of established infection is less effective in this patient group. " 05/01/2005 - "However, the patients in complete remission (CR), with the exception of one patient who is alive at 18 months EFS, died at 4, 6, and 8 months post transplantation due to infections that were associated with delayed immune recovery. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 08/01/1999 - "Patients' desire to know whether their infection has been cured and symptom status after treatment are two important determinants of whether confirmatory H. " 02/01/1992 - "One patient died because of infection, whereas the other two persisted in complete remission after treatment at 4 and 5 years of follow-up, respectively. " 01/01/1981 - "The complete clearance of both infections (i.e., no eggs whether dead or alive) 6 months after treatment was 29% (43 patients). " 07/30/2008 - "brasiliensis infection significantly increased the degree of inhibition of AChE in the brain and diaphragm after treatment with CPO and PO in association with a significant reduction in PON1 activity. " 10/01/2005 - "After treatment of infection in a subgroup of 10 patients, it was observed that a significant reduction in CRP concentration was accompanied by a significant reduction of 174 +/- 165 kcal that accounted for 13% of the initial REE. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Debridement 03/01/2006 - "The infection was controlled 4 months after the second debridement; however, there was no improvement in the neurological function at the most recent follow-up, 16 months after the surgery. " 03/01/1999 - "Despite recent advances in medical science, the quality of surgical debridement remains the most critical factor in the successful management of chronic orthopaedic infections. " 11/01/1990 - "The authors considered that (1) Early radical debridement with continuous irrigation is very effective for management of retrosternal infection; (2) Radical debridement should be done as early as the diagnosis of infection is established." 04/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: Our results, and those of others, show that prosthetic joint infections caused by streptococci have a relatively good outcome with primary antimicrobial therapy and, when necessary, drainage, lavage or debridement. " 11/01/2002 - "One patient with an acute postoperative infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis was treated successfully with irrigation and debridement with retention of the implant. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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