Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia

01/01/2023 - "Clozapine is the most effective treatment for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
05/12/2022 - "Clozapine is a highly effective medication used in management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
01/01/2022 - "Clozapine is a unique atypical anti-psychotic agent with best efficacy for treatment resistant schizophrenia compared to other agents, but with increased metabolic adverse effects. "
05/01/2021 - "Clozapine is the most effective in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
01/01/2021 - "Despite clozapine being the most effective treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), a clear explanation as to why it is underutilized and why its initiation is delayed remains unclear. "

03/01/2003 - "It has been proven effective and significantly superior to placebo, as well as to conventional neuroleptics, in several placebo-controlled, double-blind studies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
04/01/2017 - "This case report describes a forensic psychiatric patient presenting with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and serious interpersonal violence complicated by poor adherence to oral medication who was treated successfully with two concurrent long-acting depot antipsychotics. "
06/01/1995 - "Later on, the development of classical neuroleptics has permitted a better outcome but the persistence of a lack of improvement in certain patients has induced the individuation of treatment-refractory schizophrenia criteria. "
12/01/1994 - "The failure of clinically effective antipsychotics of diverse chemical classes to block the effects of PCP on PPI of acoustic startle suggest that the effects of PCP in this procedure may represent a model of attentional deficits observed in treatment-resistant schizophrenia."
06/01/2005 - "Results from open studies suggest that the combination of ECT and antipsychotics is a very useful and safe strategy for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. "

01/01/2005 - "Olanzapine has been hypothesized to have superior efficacy in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
01/01/2000 - "Current studies have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of olanzapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. "
10/01/2002 - "The aim of this study is to provide long-term data on the effectiveness and safety of olanzapine in a group of patients with severe refractory schizophrenia. "
10/01/2002 - "Olanzapine for the treatment of chronic refractory schizophrenia: a 12-month follow-up naturalistic study."
11/01/1997 - "The Spanish Group for the Study of Olanzapine in Treatment-Refractory Schizophrenia."

09/01/1999 - "Risperidone was better tolerated and more effective in a subset of patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. "
03/01/1996 - "We describe two patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia characterized by unremitting delusions, thought disorder and self-neglect who had a sustained improvement in their symptoms soon after starting risperidone. "
01/01/1996 - "It is concluded that risperidone could be another drug effective in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
10/01/1996 - "Efficacy of risperidone in reducing positive and negative symptoms in medication-refractory schizophrenia: an open prospective study."
01/01/1998 - "Double-blind, controlled trials of risperidone are needed to establish its efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia."

08/01/2002 - "Extract of Ginkgo biloba added to haloperidol was effective for positive symptoms in refractory schizophrenia."
12/01/1999 - "In 54 patients with chronic refractory schizophrenia, 27 were treated with haloperidol plus EGb (group 1), and the rest received haloperidol plus placebo (group 2). "
04/29/2009 - "Clinical development of haloperidol was conducted, primarily, by psychiatric research team at the University of Liège that confirmed its efficacy in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders such as acute and chronic paranoid psychosis, mania, or chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
08/15/2004 - "We then illustrate our findings in a study examining the efficacy of clozapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. "
09/01/1999 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of risperidone compared to haloperidol in patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. "

03/01/2017 - "Indeed, a previous study found dopamine synthesis capacity was significantly lower in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
01/01/2022 - "We review recent clinical findings of distinct dopamine-mediated dysfunction of corticostriatal circuits in patients with treatment-resistant vs. non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia and suggest criteria for establishing rodent models to reflect such differences, with a focus on objective, translational measures. "
03/01/2017 - "Dopamine supersensitivity is an important consideration for assessing treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
11/01/2012 - "Dopamine synthesis capacity in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia."
09/01/2012 - "Chronic treatment with ARI prevents development of dopamine supersensitivity and potentially supersensitivity psychosis, suggesting that by reducing excessive sensitivity to dopamine and by stabilizing sensitivity for an extended period of time, ARI may be helpful for some patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia."

07/01/2022 - "However, few studies have explored the efficacy of paliperidone for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
07/01/2022 - "Paliperidone ER could be a safe alternative for treatment-resistant schizophrenia."
10/01/2022 - "Successful treatment using combined monthly maintenance electroconvulsive therapy and monthly long-acting injection paliperidone for treatment-resistant schizophrenia with vulnerability to clozapine: A case report."
07/01/2022 - "Paliperidone Extended Release Versus Olanzapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study."
01/01/2020 - "We describe the case of a 49-year-old Japanese male patient successfully treated with a paliperidone rechallenge following 2-year treatment with clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "

01/01/2013 - "This article reviews the safety and efficacy of topiramate in treatment-refractory schizophrenia, including effects on metabolic disturbances, which burden this population. "
08/01/2005 - "Topiramate add-on in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial."
04/01/2002 - "Topiramate for refractory schizophrenia."
11/01/2005 - "It has also been shown that addition of topiramate to neuroleptics might be beneficial in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. "
08/01/2005 - "We tested the hypothesis that topiramate is more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia when combined with ongoing antipsychotic medication. "

02/01/2011 - "This case series examines the efficacy of melperone in refractory schizophrenia. "
02/01/2011 - "Melperone in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: a case series."
04/30/2010 - "Because of the relationship between BMI and cardiovascular risk, melperone deserves further study as both a first line treatment and as an alternative to clozapine in refractory schizophrenia."
01/01/2012 - "17 patients with a diagnosis of refractory schizophrenia were identified as suitable for off-license prescribing of Melperone and commenced treatment (13 were previously treated with Clozapine). "
01/01/2012 - "Auditing clinical outcomes after introducing off-licence prescribing of atypical antipsychotic melperone for patients with treatment refractory schizophrenia."

01/01/2003 - "In a 12-week study of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, ziprasidone demonstrated overall efficacy comparable to that of chlorpromazine, with superior improvement in negative symptoms. "
09/01/2007 - "This prospective, 1-year, open-label study of ziprasidone (40-160 mg/day) was conducted in subjects who had participated in a previous randomized 12-week comparison of ziprasi-done and chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (DSM-III-R criteria). "
07/01/2006 - "Levomepromazine versus chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized trial."
07/01/2006 - "We compared the effect of levomepromazine (LMP) with chlorpromazine (CPZ) in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). "
07/01/1998 - "Olanzapine compared with chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia."

09/01/2011 - "Stereotaxic multi-target therapy is effective and safe for refractory schizophrenia. "
11/01/2014 - "Many drugs have been evaluated as CLZ add-on therapies without demonstrating convincing efficacy in treating refractory schizophrenia symptoms. "
05/01/2021 - "Eighteen patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were selected from two clinical trials on Avatar Therapy. "
02/12/2021 - "One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia."
12/01/2023 - "Avatar therapy (AT) is a virtual reality-based therapy currently being developed and studied for patients suffering from treatment resistant schizophrenia. "

11/14/2019 - "Patient characteristics, burden and pharmacotherapy of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: results from a survey of 204 US psychiatrists."
01/01/2019 - "For patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) who do not respond to drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often employed as an additional treatment. "
05/01/2014 - "Pharmacotherapy of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a clinical perspective."
01/01/2013 - "Drug therapy versus electroconvulsive therapy for refractory schizophrenia: report of a case with 14 years of follow-up."
02/01/2011 - "An objective perspective on current trends in pharmacotherapy for treatment-refractory schizophrenia. "

01/01/2019 - "Therefore, tDCS treatment appears to be effective not only for ambulatory, higher-functioning patients, but also for patients with ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia."
01/01/2019 - "Transcranial direct-current stimulation in ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia."
11/01/2013 - "Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) changes negative symptoms and functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) in a single case of treatment-resistant schizophrenia."
07/01/2012 - "Efficacy and safety of bifocal tDCS as an interventional treatment for refractory schizophrenia."
09/01/2016 - "Brain stimulation techniques (BST) such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown promise in medication-refractory schizophrenia. "

02/01/2013 - "In addition, patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were on polypharmacy at higher rate than non resistant patients."
06/30/2021 - "In this context, patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia are among of the most vulnerable patients to be exposed to the debilitating adverse effects from often irrational and high-dose antipsychotic polypharmacy without clinically meaningful benefits. "
10/18/2017 - "First, there are still a large number of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which has led to a growing trend to resort to AAP polypharmacy with few side effects. "
12/01/2013 - "Antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) is frequent, but its pattern is unknown in treatment-refractory schizophrenia-spectrum patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). "
12/01/2013 - "Antipsychotic polypharmacy in a treatment-refractory schizophrenia population receiving adjunctive treatment with electroconvulsive therapy."

11/01/2009 - "The use of these injections in first-episode psychosis and treatment-refractory schizophrenia is not currently a focus of recommendations, but should be considered. "
02/01/2023 - "Combination of two long-acting injectable antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A retrospective 12-month mirror-image study."
01/01/2019 - "Combined typical and atypical long-acting injectable antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Two cases."
11/01/2018 - "Use of two long-acting injectable antipsychotics for treatment-resistant schizophrenia."
06/01/2016 - "Multiple Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Case Report."