Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in
fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene. These mutations result in defects in the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems.
Aortic aneurysm is the leading cause of premature mortality in untreated MFS patients. Elastic fiber fragmentation in the aortic vessel wall is a hallmark of MFS-associated
aortic aneurysms. FBN1 mutations result in FBN1 fragments that also contribute to elastic fiber fragmentation. Although recent research has advanced our understanding of MFS, the contribution of elastic fiber fragmentation to the pathogenesis of
aneurysm formation remains poorly understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms of elastic fiber fragmentation and its role in the pathogenesis of
aortic aneurysm progression. Increased comprehension of elastic fragmentation has significant clinical implications for developing targeted interventions to block
aneurysm progression, which would benefit not only individuals with
Marfan syndrome but also other patients with
aneurysms. Moreover, this review highlights an overlooked connection between inhibiting
aneurysm and the restoration of elastic fibers in the vessel wall with various
aneurysm inhibitors, including drugs and chemicals. Investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms could uncover innovative therapeutic strategies to inhibit
elastin fragmentation and prevent the progression of
aneurysms.