EBV-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor in the Malar Area of an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Report.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMTs) are rare and typically develop in individuals with a compromised immune system, particularly those who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or who have undergone organ transplants.

METHODS:

We document a case of EBV-SMT in an HIV-positive 25-year-old man. The lesion was incised and assessed histologically and a panel of immune markers were performed. EBV association was demonstrated by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER-ISH).

RESULTS:

Microscopically, the tumor composed of mildly pleomorphic, ovoid to spindled cells with numerous slit-like vascular channels. The tumor cells exhibited diffuse and strong immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and focal positivity for h-caldesmon. EBER-ISH of the tumor cells revealed strong positive nuclear signals.

CONCLUSION:

The histopathological features of EBV-SMT do not conform to either benign or malignant SMTs and it has a peculiar predilection to develop at sites unusual for leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma. The key diagnostic features of EBV-SMT include history of immunosuppression, histologic evidence of primitive and mildly pleomorphic cells maintaining blunt nuclear features in most areas, and positivity for EBER-ISH.

• Authors: Nur Fauziani Zainul Abidin, Fairuz Abdul Rahman, Kok Tuck Choon, Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne
• Journal: Head and neck pathology (Head Neck Pathol) Vol. 17 Issue 3 Pg. 821-825 (Sep 2023) ISSN: 1936-0568 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 37209302 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Topics

• Male
• Humans
• Adult
• Herpesvirus 4, Human
• Epstein-Barr Virus Infections (complications, pathology)
• Smooth Muscle Tumor (pathology)
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• Leiomyosarcoma (pathology)