Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids)

A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.

Also Known As:

Networked: 4473 relevant articles (228 outcomes, 601 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids)
2.	Endometriosis (Adenomyosis)
3.	Hemorrhage
4.	Menorrhagia
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Al-Hendy, Ayman: 33 articles (09/2015 - 05/2004)
2.	Catherino, William H: 29 articles (09/2014 - 08/2003)
3.	Bulun, Serdar E: 25 articles (09/2015 - 09/2005)
4.	Spies, James B: 25 articles (04/2013 - 01/2002)
5.	Maruo, Takeshi: 24 articles (09/2011 - 03/2002)
6.	Malik, Minnie: 20 articles (09/2014 - 05/2007)
7.	Chegini, Nasser: 18 articles (10/2015 - 01/2003)
8.	Dixon, Darlene: 18 articles (04/2015 - 06/2002)
9.	Stewart, Elizabeth A: 17 articles (01/2016 - 03/2002)
10.	Yin, Ping: 17 articles (09/2015 - 05/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Leiomyoma:

1.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 01/01/1989 - "In all the studies performed GnRH agonists have been found effective in inducing a marked regression of fibroids and resolution of the related symptoms. " 01/01/2001 - "Pre- and post-operative haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (HCT) were significantly improved by GnRH analogue therapy prior to surgery, and uterine volume, uterine gestational size and fibroid volume were all reduced. " 01/01/2000 - "Pre- and post-operative haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (HCT) were significantly improved by GnRH analogue therapy prior to surgery, and uterine volume, uterine gestational size and fibroid volume were all reduced. " 05/01/1998 - "Long-term treatment using Chinese herbal medicines and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs for the management of uterine leiomyomas could be beneficial for patients a few years before menopause, though possible side effects of this treatment should be monitored." 10/01/1996 - "The combination of GnRH agonists and add-back HRT appears beneficial for women with either DUB or fibroids."
2.	Mifepristone (RU 486)FDA Link 02/01/2000 - "Mifepristone is a safe and effective drug for treating uterine leiomyoma. " 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and improvement in quality of life using 10 mg and 5 mg daily doses of mifepristone for the treatment of uterine fibroids. " 06/01/2004 - "Published trials of mifepristone showed reduction in leiomyoma size and improvement in symptoms. " 07/01/2011 - "To estimate the efficacy of daily administration of 25 mg mifepristone for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma. " 12/01/2006 - "Women randomized to mifepristone showed an improvement in leiomyoma-specific quality of life. "
3.	ulipristalIBA 08/01/2014 - "Recent reports concerning administration of SPRMs, specifically the efficacy of ulipristal acetate in reducing fibroid size and rapid control of menstrual blood loss, have renewed clinical interest in this class of compound. " 05/28/2012 - "A significantly greater median reduction from baseline in total fibroid volume was observed for recipients of ulipristal acetate 5 mg once daily than recipients of placebo following 13 weeks' treatment (coprimary endpoint). " 08/01/2014 - "The SPRM ulipristal acetate is an effective treatment for preoperative treatment of fibroids and a reliable emergency contraceptive. " 08/01/2015 - "Ulipristal acetate has recently shown particular promise for providing long-term relief from uterine fibroids. " 05/01/2008 - "CDB-2914 improved the concern scores of the uterine leiomyoma symptom quality-of-life subscale (P=.04). "
4.	Levonorgestrel (Plan B)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2014 - "Results of this systematic review indicate that levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems may be effective and safe treatment for symptomatic uterine leiomyoma in premenopausal women. " 01/01/2012 - "Efficacy of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in uterine leiomyoma." 01/01/2013 - "However, data for progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems were available from only one study that compared 29 women with a levonorgestrel (LNG)-IUS versus 29 women with a combined oral contraceptive (COC) for treating uterine fibroids. " 05/01/2003 - "This study was designed to evaluate the potential usefulness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) in treating women with uterine leiomyomas. " 09/01/2000 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mirena IUD (Schering) treatment in women with severe menstrual bleedings secondary to uterine fibroids. "
5.	Progesterone Receptors (Progesterone Receptor)IBA 05/01/1987 - "The presence of persistently high concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in leiomyoma should be helpful in the treatment of this benign tumour." 08/01/2013 - "Does the novel progesterone receptor (PR) modulator BAY 1002670, based on its preclinical pharmacological profile, offer a potential novel treatment option for uterine fibroids? " 07/25/2012 - "Studies testing various selective progesterone receptor modulators for the treatment of leiomyomas are also highlighted. " 01/01/2008 - "This study shows that increased expression of progesterone receptor is observed only in uterine leiomyomas during the reproductive period. " 01/01/1999 - "Immunohistochemical study of surgical specimens revealed that progesterone receptors are distributed in the nuclei of a majority of the leiomyoma cells and in the nuclei of a minority of the myometrial cells. "
6.	asoprisnilIBA 12/01/2007 - "The authors review studies they conducted to evaluate the comparative effects of asoprisnil on proliferation, apoptosis, and growth factor expression in cultured leiomyoma and normal myometrial cells. " 10/01/2007 - "The present study was conducted to examine whether asoprisnil elicits endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis in cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells. " 12/01/2008 - "Furthermore, we assessed effects of asoprisnil on leiomyoma symptoms. " 10/01/2007 - "RNA interference of GADD153 suppressed protein contents of asoprisnil-induced cleaved PARP, Bax, Bak, GADD34, and tribbles-related protein 3 (TRB3) and TUNEL-positive rate but attenuated asoprisnil-induced reduction in Bcl-2 protein content in cultured leiomyoma cells. " 02/01/2007 - "The concomitant treatment with 100 ng/ml P4 significantly (P < 0.05) reversed asoprisnil-induced increase in DR4 and cleaved poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase contents in cultured leiomyoma cells. "
7.	Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link 04/01/2015 - "In the present study we explored whether Cd could stimulate proliferation of estrogen-responsive human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM) cells and uterine smooth muscle cells (ht-UtSMCs) through classical interactions with ERα and ERβ, or by nongenomic mechanisms. " 03/01/2014 - "In this study, we explored the role of estrogen-mediated activation of stromal fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroid in patients. " 11/01/2013 - "The study suggested that there is certain relationship between exposure concentrations of phenolic environmental estrogens and uterine leiomyoma disease. " 01/01/2010 - "Recent studies suggested that both expression levels and polymorphisms of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta might affect development of uterine fibroids. " 06/01/2005 - "In an attempt to investigate various pathways that might be involved in estrogen-regulated uterine leiomyoma growth as well as to identify any novel effector genes, microarray studies comparing estrogen-treated uterine leiomyoma cells (UtLM) and normal myometrial cells to untreated cells were performed. "
8.	Aromatase (CYP19)IBA 01/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to investigate CYP17A1, CYP19, and androgen (AR) polymorphisms, their relative risks for uterine leiomyomas and possible associations with clinical parameters. " 01/01/2012 - "The protein expression of ERα, ERβ and aromatase was similar in leiomyoma and normal myometrium (p = 0.239, p = 0.695 and p = 0.203, respectively). " 01/01/2012 - "To assess protein expression of ERs and aromatase in leiomyomas and normal adjacent myometrium of premenopausal women. " 05/01/2009 - "High aromatase expression in uterine leiomyoma tissues of African-American women." 01/01/2009 - "To assess the effect of the aromatase inhibitor on patients with leiomyoma in the reproductive stage regarding reduction of uterine volume and control of symptoms. "
9.	Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM)IBA 01/01/2005 - "In light of therapeutic efficacy and few adverse effects, SERM and SPRM may hold promise as novel treatment modalities for leiomyoma. " 07/01/2000 - "Preclinical evidence for therapeutic efficacy of selective estrogen receptor modulators for uterine leiomyoma." 12/01/2001 - "This antagonist activity in the uterine myometrium suggests that SERMs may be useful in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma." 01/01/2012 - "Further studies are required to establish evidence of benefit of SERMs in treating women with uterine fibroids. " 01/01/2012 - "There is no consistent evidence from the limited number of studies that SERMs reduce the size of fibroids or improve clinical outcomes. "
10.	GelatinIBA 02/01/2016 - "Conclusion UAE using progressively larger calibrated gelatin sponge particles is an effective and safe treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids. " 05/01/2007 - "Based on the MR study, in most cases uterine artery recanalization occurred, together with sufficient devascularization of fibroids, after UAE using gelatin sponge particles alone." 08/01/2015 - "Volume reductions of the dominant leiomyoma after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months were, respectively, 45, 56, 62, and 66 % for use of PGP and 45, 57, 63, and 68 % for use of hand-cut gelatin sponge. " 06/01/2011 - "Initial experience of uterine fibroid embolization using porous gelatin sponge particles." 05/01/2007 - "Magnetic resonance angiography of uterine artery: changes with embolization using gelatin sponge particles alone for fibroids."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Uterine Artery Embolization 11/01/2000 - "Uterine artery embolization is an endovascular method for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas that is clinically effective in most patients and that induces a progressive reduction in the size of the largest leiomyomas." 01/01/2004 - "Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a successful and safe treatment for symptomatic leiomyomas. " 03/01/2002 - "The good news is that uterine artery embolization, a new approach that shrinks fibroids by embolizing their blood supply, is proving to be a safe and effective alternative." 11/01/2000 - "An increasing number of reports indicate that uterine fibroids can be successfully treated with uterine artery embolization (UAE). " 05/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the size, location, or number of fibroids affects therapeutic efficacy or complications of uterine artery embolization (UAE). "
2.	Hysterectomy 02/01/2015 - "(I) 7. Hysterectomy is the most effective treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids. " 08/01/2014 - "In the base-case analysis, UAE as a first-line treatment of symptomatic fibroids was the most effective and expensive strategy (22.75 QALYs; $22,968), followed by MRI-guided focused ultrasound (22.73 QALYs; $20,252) and hysterectomy (22.54 QALYs; $11,253). " 12/01/2012 - "For perimenopausal women who have been informed of the alternatives and the risks, hysterectomy is the most effective treatment for symptomatic fibroids and is associated with a high rate of patient satisfaction. " 02/01/2009 - "It is highly effective and safe mainly in premenopausal patients with symptomatic fibroids and represents an alternative to hysterectomy in a group of women not suitable for minimally invasive surgical treatment (LAVH) and women desiring uterus sparing therapy. " 01/01/2008 - "Although hysterectomy is the most certain cure for women with symptomatic fibroids who do not wish to preserve fertility, an increasing number of women are choosing and looking for the options of organ-conserving surgery. "
3.	Ligation 01/01/2009 - "Trans-vaginal bilateral uterine artery ligation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids especially in areas where access to high level medical technology is restricted." 08/01/2005 - "Laparoscopic uterine artery ligation via a lateral retroperitoneal technique is a safe and effective treatment for leiomyomas. " 08/01/2004 - "Endoscopic band ligation is an effective and safe treatment for small upper-GI leiomyoma." 01/01/2009 - "To determine the efficacy of bilateral uterine artery ligation in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids. " 11/01/2005 - "To determine the efficacy of uterine artery ligation by the vaginal route for the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 12/01/2012 - "Eight of nine patients (89%) reported improvement in bulk-related fibroid symptoms after treatment. " 10/01/2012 - "Fibroid-related symptoms reduced after treatment, and quality of life improved. " 01/01/2014 - "FEMME is a pragmatic, randomised, open, multi-centre trial examining the quality of life menstruating women with symptomatic fibroids experience after treatment with UAE or myomectomy. " 06/01/2011 - "Three patients lost follow-up with contrast MRI exam within 1 month after treatment, so 165 fibroids were enrolled in this study. " 08/01/2005 - "At MRI studies, including post-contrast sequences before and repeatedly after treatment, the uterus and dominant fibroids were evaluated for volume, location, and contrast enhancement. "
5.	Cryosurgery 07/01/2006 - "MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation represents a feasible and effective treatment for uterine fibroids." 12/01/2009 - "The objective of the study was to develop a safe and effective cryoablation technique for the treatment of uterine fibroids. " 07/01/2006 - "The present study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided percutaneous cryoablation for uterine fibroids as a minimally invasive treatment alternative. " 12/01/2009 - "This was a multicenter pilot case series to evaluate cryoablation of uterine fibroids using laparoscopically assisted placement of 17-gauge cryoablation needles. " 12/01/2009 - "Laparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablation."