Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most naturally-occurring
trichothecenes, may affect animal and human health by causing
vomiting as a hallmark of
food poisoning.
Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) usually co-occurs with DON as its glucosylated form and is another emerging food safety issue in recent years. However, the toxicity of D3G is not fully understood compared to DON, especially in
emetic potency. The goals of this research were to (1) compare
emetic effects to D3G by oral and intraperitoneal (IP) routes and relate
emetic effects to brain-gut
peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic
polypeptide (GIP) and
substance P (SP) in mink; (2) determine the roles of
calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in D3G's
emetic effect. Both oral and IP exposure to D3G elicited marked
emetic events. This
emetic response corresponded to an elevation of GIP and SP. Blocking the
GIP receptor (GIPR) diminished
emetic response induction by GIP and D3G. The
neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) inhibitor Emend® restrained the induction of
emesis by SP and D3G. Importantly, CaSR antagonist NPS-2143 or TRP channel antagonist
ruthenium red dose-dependently inhibited both D3G-induced
emesis and brain-gut
peptides GIP and SP release; cotreatment with both antagonists additively suppressed both
emetic and brain-gut
peptide responses to D3G. To summarize, our findings demonstrate that activation of CaSR and TRP channels contributes to D3G-induced
emesis by mediating brain-gut
peptide exocytosis in mink.