Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Mismatch Repair Protein Deficiency and the Correlation of Immune Markers in Tibetan Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Abstract

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related death in China. Immunotherapies based on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have improved the survival of some patients with GC. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) markers (such as CD3, CD8, and PD-L1) may help to identify specific patients who will respond to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Considering racial heterogeneity, the pattern of TIME markers in Tibetan patients with GC is still unclear. We aimed to identify the prevalence of EBV infection and the MMR status and their association with immune markers in Tibetan GC to aid in patient selection for immunotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

From 2001 to 2015, we retrospectively collected 120 tissue samples from consecutive Tibetan GC patients and constructed tissue microarrays. EBV infection was assessed by Epstein-Barr-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization, and MMR protein levels were measured. Immune markers (including CD3 and CD8) in intraepithelial, stromal, and total areas were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PD-L1 expression was assessed by the combined positive score (CPS). We also analyzed the relationships of EBV infection and MMR status with immune markers.

Results:

Of the 120 samples, 11 (9.17%) were EBV positive (+), and 6 (5%) were MMR deficient (dMMR). PD-L1 CPS ≥1% was found in 32.5% (39/120) of Tibetan GC patients. EBV infection was associated with higher numbers of CD3+ T cells (P < 0.05) and CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05) and higher PD-L1 expression (P < 0.05). For the limited number of dMMR patients, no significant relationship was observed between dMMR and TIME markers (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

In Tibetan GC patients, the rates of EBV infection, dMMR, and positive PD-L1 expression were 9.17%, 5%, and 32.5%, respectively. EBV infection was associated with the numbers of CD3+ T cells and CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression within the tumor. These markers may guide the selection of Tibetan GC patients for immunotherapy.

• Authors: Jie Shi, Xu Yang, Xinmei Wang, Yufeng Luo, Weixun Zhou, Hanhuan Luo, Zhaxi Bianba, Zhuoma Nima, Qian Wang, Han Wang, Ruiqian Liao, Quzhen Ciren, Mei Li, Junyi Pang
• Journal: BioMed research international (Biomed Res Int) Vol. 2022 Pg. 2684065 ( 2022) ISSN: 2314-6141 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35734348 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Jie Shi et al.

Chemical References

• B7-H1 Antigen
• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
• Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor

Topics

• B7-H1 Antigen (metabolism)
• Biomarkers, Tumor (genetics)
• Brain Neoplasms
• Colorectal Neoplasms
• DNA Mismatch Repair (genetics)
• Epstein-Barr Virus Infections (complications, epidemiology)
• Herpesvirus 4, Human (genetics, metabolism)
• Humans
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
• Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary
• Prevalence
• Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (genetics)
• Protein Deficiency (complications)
• Retrospective Studies
• Stomach Neoplasms (epidemiology, genetics, metabolism)
• Tibet (epidemiology)
• Tumor Microenvironment (genetics)