Anti
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)
encephalitis is an
autoimmune disease that often presents with various neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although most reported cases occur in children, only a limited number of studies on children are available. The subject of this case report is an 8-month-old female who presented with
fever,
vomiting, and seizure. She was diagnosed with
encephalitis and treated with
acyclovir. After 21 days, she showed irritability, seizure, orolingual-facial
dyskinesias, choreodystonic movements,
hemiparesis,
dysphagia,
strabismus, lack of interest in light and objects. Clinical signs, neuroimaging findings, and serum analysis of anti-NMDAR
antibodies confirmed the diagnosis of
anti-NMDAR encephalitis. After the first line of treatment, she showed full recovery. We update the infants with
anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the literature. Clinical outcomes suggest that patients with
anti-NMDAR encephalitis are mostly poor in the infants, excluding our case. We propose that early and appropriate treatments are critical for timely diagnosis and rapid improvement.