A murine model of hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis caused by homozygous Csf2ra gene disruption.

Abstract

Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (hPAP) is a rare disorder caused by recessive mutations in GM-CSF receptor subunit α/β genes (CSF2RA/CSF2RB, respectively) characterized by impaired GM-CSF-dependent surfactant clearance by alveolar macrophages (AMs) resulting in alveolar surfactant accumulation and hypoxemic respiratory failure. Because hPAP is caused by CSF2RA mutations in most patients, we created an animal model of hPAP caused by Csf2ra gene disruption (Csf2ra-/- mice) and evaluated the effects on AMs and lungs. Macrophages from Csf2ra-/- mice were unable to bind and clear GM-CSF, did not exhibit GM-CSF signaling, and had functional defects in phagocytosis, cholesterol clearance, and surfactant clearance. Csf2ra-/- mice developed a time-dependent, progressive lung disease similar to hPAP in children caused by CSF2RA mutations with respect to the clinical, physiological, histopathological, biochemical abnormalities, biomarkers of PAP lung disease, and clinical course. In contrast, Csf2ra+/- mice had functionally normal AMs and no lung disease. Pulmonary macrophage transplantation (PMT) without myeloablation resulted in long-term engraftment, restoration of GM-CSF responsiveness to AMs, and a safe and durable treatment effect that lasted for the duration of the experiment (6 mo). Results demonstrate that homozygous (but not heterozygous) Csf2ra gene ablation caused hPAP identical to hPAP in children with CSF2RA mutations, identified AMs as the cellular site of hPAP pathogenesis in Csf2ra-/- mice, and have implications for preclinical studies supporting the translation of PMT as therapy of hPAP in humans.

• Authors: Kenjiro Shima, Paritha Arumugam, Anthony Sallese, Yuko Horio, Yan Ma, Cole Trapnell, Matthew Wessendarp, Claudia Chalk, Cormac McCarthy, Brenna C Carey, Bruce C Trapnell, Takuji Suzuki
• Journal: American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology (Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol) Vol. 322 Issue 3 Pg. L438-L448 (03 01 2022) ISSN: 1522-1504 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35043685 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• CSF2RA protein, human
• Csf2ra protein, mouse
• Pulmonary Surfactants
• Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
• Surface-Active Agents
• Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Topics

• Animals
• Disease Models, Animal
• Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (genetics)
• Humans
• Macrophages, Alveolar (metabolism)
• Mice
• Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (genetics, metabolism)
• Pulmonary Surfactants (metabolism)
• Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (genetics, metabolism)
• Surface-Active Agents (metabolism)