The number of patients with bone
metastasis increases as medical management and surgery improve the overall survival of patients with
cancer. Bone
metastasis can cause skeletal complications, including bone
pain,
pathological fractures, spinal cord or
nerve root compression, and
hypercalcemia. Before initiation of treatment for bone
metastasis, it is important to exclude primary bone
malignancy, which would require a completely different therapeutic approach. It is essential to select surgical methods considering the patient's prognosis, quality of life, postoperative function, and risk of postoperative complications. Therefore, bone
metastasis treatment requires a multidisciplinary team approach, including radiologists, oncologists, and orthopedic surgeons. Recently, many novel
palliative treatment options have emerged for bone
metastases, such as stereotactic body
radiation therapy,
radiopharmaceuticals,
vertebroplasty, minimally invasive spine stabilization with percutaneous
pedicle screws,
acetabuloplasty, embolization, thermal
ablation techniques, electrochemotherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. These techniques are beneficial for patients who may not benefit from surgery or
radiotherapy.