Risk Prediction in Women With Congenital Long QT Syndrome.

Abstract

Background We aimed to provide personalized risk estimates for cardiac events (CEs) and life-threatening events in women with either type 1 or type 2 long QT. Methods and Results The prognostic model was derived from the Rochester Long QT Syndrome Registry, comprising 767 women with type 1 long QT (n=404) and type 2 long QT (n=363) from age 15 through 60 years. The risk prediction model included the following variables: genotype/mutation location, QTc-specific thresholds, history of syncope, and β-blocker therapy. A model was developed with the end point of CEs (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or long QT syndrome-related sudden cardiac death), and was applied with the end point of life-threatening events (aborted cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac death, or appropriate defibrillator shocks). External validation was performed with data from the Mayo Clinic Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic (N=467; type 1 long QT [n=286] and type 2 long QT [n=181]). The cumulative follow-up duration among the 767 enrolled women was 22 243 patient-years, during which 323 patients (42%) experienced ≥1 CE. Based on genotype-phenotype data, we identified 3 risk groups with 10-year projected rates of CEs ranging from 15%, 29%, to 51%. The corresponding 10-year projected rates of life-threatening events were 2%, 5%, and 14%. C statistics for the prediction model for the 2 respective end points were 0.68 (95% CI 0.65-0.71) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.66-0.76). Corresponding C statistics for the model in the external validation Mayo Clinic cohort were 0.65 (95% CI 0.60-0.70) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.84). Conclusions This is the first risk prediction model that provides absolute risk estimates for CEs and life-threatening events in women with type 1 or type 2 long QT based on personalized genotype-phenotype data. The projected risk estimates can be used to guide female-specific management in long QT syndrome.

• Authors: Ilan Goldenberg, J Martijn Bos, Ayhan Yoruk, Anita Y Chen, Coeli Lopes, David T Huang, Valentina Kutyifa, Arwa Younis, Mehmet K Aktas, Spencer Z Rosero, Scott McNitt, Nona Sotoodehnia, Peter J Kudenchuk, Thomas D Rea, Dan E Arking, Christopher G Scott, Kaylie A Briske, Katrina Sorensen, Michael J Ackerman, Wojciech Zareba
• Journal: Journal of the American Heart Association (J Am Heart Assoc) Vol. 10 Issue 14 Pg. e021088 (07 20 2021) ISSN: 2047-9980 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 34238014 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Death, Sudden, Cardiac (epidemiology)
• Electrocardiography
• Female
• Genotype
• Humans
• Incidence
• Long QT Syndrome (congenital, epidemiology, genetics)
• Middle Aged
• Phenotype
• Registries
• Risk Assessment (methods)
• Risk Factors
• Survival Rate (trends)
• United States (epidemiology)
• Young Adult